Singapore legislation
Section 377BB
Section 377BB
Voyeurism
(1)
Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —
intentionally observes another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and
knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to being observed.
(2)
Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —
operates equipment with the intention of enabling A or another person to observe a third person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and
knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s private act was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating equipment with that intention.
(3)
Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —
intentionally or knowingly records another person (B) doing a private act without B’s consent; and
knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the act.
(4)
Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —
operates equipment without another person’s (B) consent with the intention of enabling A or another person (C) to observe B’s genitals, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered) in circumstances where the genitals, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and
knows or has reason to believe that B (whether B’s image was recorded or not) does not consent to A operating the equipment with that intention.
(5)
Any person (A) shall be guilty of an offence who —
intentionally or knowingly records without another person’s (B) consent an image of B’s genitals, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genitals, breasts, buttocks or underwear would not otherwise be visible; and
knows or has reason to believe that B does not consent to A recording the image.
(6)
Any person (A) who installs equipment, or constructs or adapts a structure or part of a structure, with the intention of enabling A or another person to commit an offence under subsection (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence.
(7)
Subject to subsection (8), a person who is guilty of an offence under this section shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years, or with fine, or with caning, or with any combination of such punishments.
(8)
A person who commits an offence under this section against a person who is below 14 years of age shall on conviction be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 2 years and shall also be liable to fine or to caning.
(9)
In any proceedings for an offence under this section, where a person (A) has made a recording of another person (B) doing a private act or of B’s genitals, breasts if B is female, or buttocks (whether exposed or covered), in circumstances where the genitals, breasts or buttocks would not otherwise be visible, it is presumed until the contrary is proved that B did not consent to A making the recording.