Singapore legislation
Section 33
Section 33
Liability of owners of vehicles for parking offences
(1)
When a parking offence is committed, the person who, at the time of the commission of the offence, is the owner of the vehicle in respect of which the offence is committed shall be guilty of an offence under the rules made under section 31 in all respects as if the person were the actual offender guilty of the parking offence unless the court is satisfied that the vehicle was at the relevant time a stolen vehicle or a vehicle illegally taken or used.
(2)
Nothing in this section affects the liability of the actual offender except that, where a penalty has been imposed on or recovered from a person in relation to any parking offence, no further penalty shall be imposed on or recovered from any other person in relation to the parking offence.
(3)
Despite subsection (1), no owner of a vehicle shall by virtue of this section be guilty of an offence if the owner —
within 7 days after service on the owner of a notice alleging that the owner has been guilty of the offence, provides by statutory declaration to the Board the name and address of the person who was in charge of the vehicle at all relevant times relating to the parking offence concerned;
satisfies the Board that the owner did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained such name and address; or
satisfies the court that the owner did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained such name and address.
(4)
A statutory declaration made under subsection (3)(a) if produced in any proceedings against the person named in the statutory declaration and in respect of the parking offence concerned is prima facie evidence that the person was in charge of the vehicle at all relevant times relating to the parking offence.
(5)
A statutory declaration which relates to more than one parking offence is not to be regarded as a statutory declaration under, or for the purposes of, subsection (3)(a).
(6)
In this section —
Definition
“owner”, in relation to a vehicle, includes —
every person who is the joint owner or part owner of the vehicle and any person who has the use of the vehicle under a hire-purchase agreement but not the owner under any such agreement;
the person in whose name the vehicle is registered except where the person has sold or otherwise disposed of the vehicle and has complied with the provisions of the rules applicable to the person in regard to the sale or disposal; and
in the case of a vehicle in respect of which a general licence is issued under section 28 of the Road Traffic Act 1961, the person to whom the general licence is issued;
Definition
“parking offence” means an offence of parking a vehicle or of causing or permitting a vehicle to stand, wait or be parked in contravention of any rules made under section 31.[27B