Singapore legislation
Section 51
Section 51
Multiple copying or communication of insubstantial portions of works
(1)
Copyright in a literary or dramatic work is not infringed by the making of one or more copies of a part of the work in an edition of the work by any person if the copying is carried out on the premises of an educational institution for the purposes of a course of education provided by the institution.
(1A)
Copyright in a literary or dramatic work is not infringed by the communication of a part of the work in an edition of the work by any person if the communication is initiated from the premises of an educational institution for the purposes of a course of education provided by the institution.
(2)
Subsection (1) shall not apply to the making of a copy of, and subsection (1A) shall not apply to the communication of, the whole of a work.
(3)
Subsection (1) shall not apply to the making of a copy of, and subsection (1A) shall not apply to the communication of, more than 5 of the pages of a work in an edition of the work unless —
there are more than 500 pages in the edition; and
the total number of pages so copied does not exceed 5% of the total number of pages in the edition.
(4)
Subsection (1) shall not apply to the making of a copy, and subsection (1A) shall not apply to the communication, of a part of a work in an edition of the work, being an edition stored on any medium by electronic means and not divided into pages, if the part copied or communicated exceeds, in the aggregate —
5% of the total number of bytes in the edition; and
5% of the total number of words in that edition or, where it is not practicable to use the total number of words as a measure, 5% of the contents of the edition.
(5)
Where —
a person makes or causes to be made a copy of a part of a work; and
subsection (1) applies to the making of that copy,that subsection shall not apply to the making, by or on behalf of that person, of a copy of any other part of that work within 14 days after the day on which the previous copy was made.
(5A)
Where —
a person communicates or causes to be communicated a part of a work; and
subsection (1A) applies to that communication,that subsection shall not apply to the communication, by or on behalf of that person, of any other part of that work within 14 days after the day on which the previous communication was made.
(6)
In this section —
a reference to an edition of a work includes a reference to an edition of works that include that work; and
a reference to the making of a copy of a part of a work on the premises of an educational institution for the purposes of a course of education provided by the institution includes a reference to the making of a copy of that part of the work in an electronic form on a network operated or controlled by the educational institution concerned to enable persons undertaking a course of education provided by the educational institution to access the work. [Aust. 1968, s. 135ZG]