Singapore legislation
Section 45
Section 45
State of mind of corporation, unincorporated association, etc.
(1)
Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Part, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of a corporation in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —
an officer, employee or agent of the corporation engaged in that conduct within the scope of the officer’s, employee’s or agent’s actual or apparent authority; and
the officer, employee or agent had that state of mind,is evidence that the corporation had that state of mind.
(2)
Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Part, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —
an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or the partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of the employee’s or agent’s actual or apparent authority; and
the employee or agent had that state of mind,is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind.[32D