Section 26

by means of coercion or intimidation, compels another person against that person’s will to participate or continue to participate as a research subject in any human biomedical research;

by means of coercion or intimidation, compels another person (A) against A’s will to give A’s consent or to refrain from withdrawing A’s consent for the participation of another person (B) as a research subject in any human biomedical research;

by means of deception or misrepresentation, causes another person to participate or continue to participate as a research subject in any human biomedical research; or

by means of deception or misrepresentation, causes another person (A) to give A’s consent or to refrain from withdrawing A’s consent for the participation of another person (B) as a research subject in any human biomedical research,shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $100,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years or to both.

the deception or misrepresentation was a necessary requirement of the human biomedical research;

the possibility of the deception or misrepresentation was disclosed to the research subject;

the research was conducted in accordance with the research proposal approved by the reviewing authority.