Singapore legislation
Section 28
Section 28
No re-identification of anonymised information or biological material without consent
(1)
This section applies to any information or human biological material —
relating to human biomedical research; and
which was individually‑identifiable but which has been rendered non-identifiable within the meaning of section 27(3).
(2)
No person who is in possession of or in contact with any information or human biological material referred to in subsection (1) can take any action to identify the person from whom such information or material was obtained except —
with the consent of the research subject or the person authorised under Part 3 to give consent on the research subject’s behalf, as the case may be;
when it is necessary to do so in connection with the administration or execution of anything under this Act;
when ordered to do so by a court;
where the information on the identity is publicly available;
for the purpose of providing the identity to any person or class of persons to whom, in the opinion of the Director, it is in the public interest that the information be disclosed;
where it is permitted or provided for under this Act or any other written law or rule of law; or
in such other circumstances and to such persons as may be prescribed.
(3)
Any person who contravenes subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both.