Clause 1
Short title and commencement
This Act may be cited as the Architects Act 1991 and shall come into operation on such date as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, appoint.
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Architects Bill
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About this bill
Architects Bill is Singapore Bill, cited as Bill 9 1991, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1991.
Part I
PRELIMINARY
Clause 2
Interpretation
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —“appointed day” means the date of commencement of this Act;“allied professional” means —
(a)
a professional engineer who is registered under the Professional Engineers Act 1991; or
(b)
a land surveyor who is registered under the Land Surveyors Act 1991;“architectural services” includes selling or supplying for gain or reward any architectural plan, drawing, tracing or the like for use in the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof;“Board” means the Board of Architects established under section 4;“building” has the same meaning as in the Building Control Act [Cap. 29];“building authority” means any person empowered under the provisions of the Building Control Act to approve plans of building works;“certificate of registration” means the certificate of registration issued under section 17;“Investigation Committee” means an Investigation Committee appointed under section 7(2);“licence” means a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore granted under section 20;“licensed”, in relation to a corporation or partnership, means a corporation or partnership which has in force a licence;“manager”, in relation to a corporation or partnership, means the principal executive officer of the corporation or partnership for the time being by whatever name called and whether or not he is a director or partner thereof;“practising certificate” means an annual certificate issued under section 18 authorising the holder thereof to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore;“President” means the President of the Board appointed under section 4(2)(a);“previous Board” means the Board of Architects established under section 3 of the repealed Act;“register of architects” means the register of architects kept by the Board under section 8(a);“register of licensees” means the annual register of licensed corporations and partnerships kept by the Board under section 8(c);“register of practitioners” means the annual register of practitioners kept by the Board under section 8(b);“registered architect” means a person registered as an architect under section 15;“Registrar” means the Registrar of the Board appointed under section 9;“repealed Act” means the Architects Act [Cap. 12, 1985 Ed] repealed by this Act;“rules” means rules made by the Board under section 36;“unlimited corporation” means a corporation formed on the principle of having no limit placed on the liability of its members.
Definition
“allied professional” means —
(a)
a professional engineer who is registered under the Professional Engineers Act 1991; or
(b)
a land surveyor who is registered under the Land Surveyors Act 1991;
Definition
“architectural services” includes selling or supplying for gain or reward any architectural plan, drawing, tracing or the like for use in the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof;
Definition
“building” has the same meaning as in the Building Control Act [Cap. 29];
Definition
“building authority” means any person empowered under the provisions of the Building Control Act to approve plans of building works;
Definition
“certificate of registration” means the certificate of registration issued under section 17;
Definition
“Investigation Committee” means an Investigation Committee appointed under section 7(2);
Definition
“licence” means a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore granted under section 20;
Definition
“licensed”, in relation to a corporation or partnership, means a corporation or partnership which has in force a licence;
Definition
“manager”, in relation to a corporation or partnership, means the principal executive officer of the corporation or partnership for the time being by whatever name called and whether or not he is a director or partner thereof;
Definition
“practising certificate” means an annual certificate issued under section 18 authorising the holder thereof to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore;
Definition
“President” means the President of the Board appointed under section 4(2)(a);
Definition
“previous Board” means the Board of Architects established under section 3 of the repealed Act;
Definition
“register of architects” means the register of architects kept by the Board under section 8(a);
Definition
“register of licensees” means the annual register of licensed corporations and partnerships kept by the Board under section 8(c);
Definition
“register of practitioners” means the annual register of practitioners kept by the Board under section 8(b);
Definition
“registered architect” means a person registered as an architect under section 15;
Definition
“Registrar” means the Registrar of the Board appointed under section 9;
Definition
“repealed Act” means the Architects Act [Cap. 12, 1985 Ed] repealed by this Act;
Definition
“unlimited corporation” means a corporation formed on the principle of having no limit placed on the liability of its members.
Clause 3
Act not to apply to Government, naval and landscape architects
(1)
Nothing in this Act shall apply to anything done or omitted to be done by the Government or a public officer under the authority of the Government.
Part V
PRACTISING CERTIFICATES
Clause 18
Practising certificates
(1)
Where a registered architect desires to engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore after 31st December of any year, he shall, not later than 1st December of that year and in such form and manner as may be prescribed, apply for a practising certificate authorising him to engage in the practice of architecture during the ensuing year.
(2)
Notwithstanding subsection (1), where a registered architect applies for a practising certificate for the first time after registration under section 15, the application may be made at any time during the year and the registered architect may be issued a practising certificate for the remainder of the year in which the application is made.
(3)
Any application by a registered architect under this section shall be accompanied by —
(a)
a declaration in writing stating —
(i)
his full name;
(ii)
the name under which he practises if different from his own name, or the name of the person employing him; and
(iii)
the principal and any other address or addresses at which he practises in Singapore; and
(b)
the prescribed fee,and the Board shall, subject to subsection (4), thereupon issue to the registered architect a practising certificate.
(4)
The Board may refuse to issue a practising certificate if —
(a)
the applicant is an undischarged bankrupt or a receiving order in bankruptcy is in force against him;
(b)
the applicant has entered into a composition with his creditors or a deed of arrangement for the benefit of his creditors;
(c)
the applicant does not intend to practise either on his own account or in partnership, or is not or not about to be employed by any person lawfully supplying architectural services in Singapore;
(d)
the declaration under subsection (3) contains a statement that to its knowledge is false in a material particular; or
(e)
the conduct of the applicant affords reasonable grounds for believing that he will not engage in the practice of architecture in Singapore in accordance with any written law and with honesty and integrity.
(5)
Any registered architect (not being a registered architect who is applying for a practising certificate for the first time) who fails to apply for a practising certificate in the manner and within the period specified in subsection (1) may, on the making of an application in such form and on payment of such additional fee as may be prescribed, be issued a practising certificate for —
(a)
the ensuing year if the application is made during the month of December of any year; or
(b)
the remainder of the year if the application is made on or after 1st January of any year.
(6)
Subject to subsection (8), a practising certificate shall, unless earlier cancelled, be in force from the date of its issue until 31st December of the year in respect of which it is issued.
(7)
A practising certificate shall specify the address of the principal place of practice and all other places of practice of the registered architect to whom the practising certificate was issued, and any change in such address shall be notified by the registered architect concerned to the Registrar within one week of such change and an endorsement of such change shall be obtained from the Registrar.
(8)
Where the registration of a registered architect is cancelled under section 27, the practising certificate, if any, of that architect for the time being in force shall expire forthwith and the Registrar shall enter the date of such expiration on the register of practitioners and remove from that register the name of that architect.
(9)
Any person whose application for a practising certificate has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of such refusal, appeal to the High Court whose decision shall be final.
Clause 19
Cancellation of practising certificates
(1)
The Board may cancel the practising certificate of any registered architect on any ground specified in section 18(4) which applies to the registered architect, whether or not such ground existed at the time the practising certificate was issued.
(2)
The Board shall not cancel any practising certificate under subsection (1) unless an opportunity of being heard either personally or in writing has been given to the person concerned.
(3)
Any person whose practising certificate has been cancelled by the Board under this section may, within 30 days after being notified of such cancellation, appeal to the High Court whose decision shall be final.
Clause 4
Establishment of Board of Architects
(1)
There shall be established in Singapore a body to be called the Board of Architects which shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal, with power, subject to the provisions of this Act, to sue and be sued in its corporate name, to acquire and dispose of property, both movable and immovable, and to do and perform such other acts as bodies corporate may by law perform.
(2)
The Board shall consist of the following members to be appointed by the Minister:
(a)
a President who shall be appointed from among registered architects;
(b)
two registered architects selected from a list of not less than 3 registered architects submitted by the Singapore Institute of Architects;
(c)
such other registered architects, not being more than 6, as the Minister may from time to time determine; and
(d)
one professional engineer on the nomination of the Professional Engineers Board.
(3)
The members of the Board shall be appointed for a term not exceeding 3 years but may from time to time be reappointed, and may at any time be removed from office by the Minister.
(4)
A person shall not be qualified to be a member of the Board if —
(a)
he is an undischarged bankrupt or has made any arrangement or composition with his creditors;
(b)
he is convicted of any offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude, or of any other offence implying a defect in character which makes him unfit for the architectural profession;
(c)
he is of unsound mind or incapacitated by physical illness; or
(d)
he has at any time after due inquiry been found guilty by the Board or previous Board of improper conduct.
(5)
The office of a member of the Board shall become vacant if the member —
(a)
dies;
(b)
resigns or is removed from office; or
(c)
becomes in any manner disqualified for office under subsection (4),and the vacancy so created shall as soon as practicable be filled in the manner in which the appointment to the vacant office was made; and every person so appointed shall hold office for the residue of the term for which his predecessor was appointed.
(6)
The powers of the Board shall not be affected by any vacancy in the membership thereof.
(7)
Any question as to whether a person has ceased to be a member of the Board shall be determined by the Minister whose decision shall be final.
(8)
At any meeting of the Board, 5 members thereof shall form a quorum and no business shall be transacted at any meeting unless a quorum is present.
(9)
At any meeting of the Board, the President shall preside and in his absence the members present shall elect from among themselves one member to preside over the meeting.
(10)
If on any question to be determined by the Board there is an equality of votes, the President or the member presiding over that meeting shall have a casting vote.
(11)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may determine its own procedure.
Clause 5
Common seal of Board
(1)
The common seal of the Board shall bear such device as the Board may approve and the seal may from time to time be broken, changed, altered or made anew by the Board as it may think fit.
(2)
The common seal shall be kept in the custody of the President and shall be authenticated by him or other member acting in his absence and any document purporting to be sealed by that seal and authenticated as aforesaid shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to be validly executed.
Clause 6
Functions of Board
The functions of the Board shall be —
(a)
to keep and maintain a register of architects, a register of practitioners and a register of licensees;
(b)
to hold or arrange for the holding of such examinations as the Board considers necessary for the purpose of enabling persons to qualify for registration under this Act;
(c)
to establish, maintain and develop standards of professional conduct and ethics of the architectural profession;
(d)
to promote learning and education in connection with architecture, either alone or in conjunction with any other professional body;
(e)
to hear and determine disputes relating to professional conduct or ethics of registered architects or to appoint a committee or arbitrator to hear and determine those disputes;
(f)
to appoint arbitrators for the purpose of hearing and determining disputes between registered architects or licensed corporations or partnerships and other persons;
(g)
to license corporations or multi-discipline partnerships which intend to supply architectural services in Singapore; and
(h)
generally to do all such acts, matters and things as are necessary to be carried out under the provisions of this Act.
Clause 7
Committees
(1)
The Board may appoint such committees from among its members or other registered architects as it thinks fit to assist or advise the Board on such matters arising out of its functions under this Act as are referred to them by the Board.
(2)
Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the Board may appoint one or more Investigation Committees, consisting of such number of members (which may include members of the Board) as the Board may determine, for the purpose of investigating into any complaint against a registered architect or licensed corporation or partnership.
(3)
An Investigation Committee shall, without delay after investigating into any complaint, report to the Board on the matter.
(4)
Subject to any rules, an Investigation Committee shall have power to regulate its procedure.
(5)
Any member of the Board who is a member of an Investigation Committee investigating into any complaint against a registered architect or a licensed corporation or partnership —
(a)
shall not take part in any deliberation of the Board under section 27 or 29, as the case may be, with respect to that registered architect, corporation or partnership; and
(b)
shall be disregarded for the purpose of constituting a quorum of the Board for such deliberation or decision.
(6)
The Board may continue to exercise any power conferred upon it or perform any function under this Act notwithstanding the delegation of such power or function under this section.
Clause 8
Registers
The Board shall keep and maintain at its office —
(a)
a register of architects in which shall be entered the names of all persons registered under this Act, the qualifications by virtue of which they are so registered and such other particulars in relation thereto as may from time to time be determined by the Board;
(b)
an annual register of practitioners in which shall be entered the particulars as contained in the declaration delivered under section 18(3)(a); and
(c)
an annual register of licensees in which shall be entered the names and addresses of all corporations and partnerships which have been issued a licence and such other particulars as may from time to time be determined by the Board.
Clause 9
Appointment and duties of Registrar
(2)
The Registrar shall be under the general direction of the Board and shall sign all certificates of registration, practising certificates and licences, and shall record all entries of registration, cancellation and reinstatement in the register of architects, register of practitioners or register of licensees, as the case may be.
(3)
The Registrar shall attend all meetings of the Board and record the proceedings thereof, and shall conduct the correspondence and deal with such matters as may be assigned to him from time to time by the President or the Board.
(4)
The Registrar shall —
(a)
as soon as possible after 1st January each year, prepare and publish in the Gazette a list containing the names, qualifications and addresses of all registered architects who have in force a practising certificate; and
(b)
from time to time publish in the Gazette the names, qualifications and addresses of registered architects added to or removed from the register of practitioners.
(5)
In any proceedings, a list published under subsection (4) shall be sufficient evidence that the persons whose names appear therein are registered architects who have in force practising certificates.
Clause 10
Illegal practice
(1)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall draw or prepare any architectural plan, drawing, tracing, design, specification or other document intended to govern the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof in Singapore unless at the time of so doing the person is —
(a)
a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; or
(b)
under the direction or supervision of a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate.
(2)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall sign and submit to the building authority —
(a)
any architectural plan, drawing, tracing, design, specification or other document intended to govern the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof in Singapore; or
(b)
any report, certificate or other document relating to the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof which is required by any written law to be signed by an architect,unless at the time of so doing the person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate; and any document that is signed in contravention of this subsection shall be invalid.
(3)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall use verbally or otherwise the word “architect” or any of its derivatives in connection with his business designation, or any other words, name or designation that will lead to the belief that the person is an architect unless at the time of so doing the person is a registered architect.
(4)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall advertise or hold himself out or conduct himself in any way or by any means as a person who is authorised to supply architectural services in Singapore, unless at the time of so doing the person is a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate, a licensed corporation, a licensed partnership or a partnership consisting wholly of registered architects.
(5)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall —
(a)
supply or offer to supply architectural services in Singapore; or
(b)
sell or supply for gain or reward any architectural plan, drawing, tracing, design, specification or other document drawn or prepared by any person referred to in subsection (1)(a) or (b) for use in the construction, enlargement or alteration of any building or part thereof in Singapore,unless at the time of so doing the person is —
(i)
a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate and is doing so on his own account or as a partner in a licensed partnership or a partnership consisting wholly of registered architects;
(ii)
an allied professional and is doing so as a partner in a licensed partnership; or
(iii)
a licensed corporation.
(6)
Any person who contravenes subsection (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and, for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
Clause 11
Remuneration for services rendered
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall be entitled to recover in any court any charge, fee or remuneration for any architectural services rendered in Singapore unless at the time of rendering such services the person is —
(a)
a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate and practising on his own account or as a partner in a licensed partnership or a partnership consisting wholly of registered architects;
(b)
an allied professional and a partner in a licensed partnership; or
(c)
a licensed corporation.
Clause 12
Employment of unregistered architect prohibited
(1)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall employ as an architect any person who neither is a registered architect nor has in force a practising certificate.
(2)
Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and, for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $5,000.
Clause 13
Minor building works
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit or prevent any person not registered under this Act from carrying out work in respect of the construction of or repairs to any building or part thereof in any case in which plans are not required by any written law to be submitted to the building authority.
Clause 14
Relationship with professional engineers, etc.
Nothing in this Part shall apply to prevent —
(a)
a professional engineer who has in force a practising certificate issued under the Professional Engineers Act 1991 or any person under the direction or supervision of such a professional engineer; or
(b)
a corporation or partnership which is licensed under that Act to engage in professional engineering work in Singapore,from carrying on any activity within the practice of professional engineering which he or it is authorised to carry on under that Act where to do so does not constitute a substantial part of services within the practice of architecture.
Clause 15
Qualifications for registration
(1)
Subject to this section, the following persons shall, on payment of the prescribed fee, be entitled to registration under this Act:
(a)
any person holding the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture from the National University of Singapore or the University of Singapore;
(b)
any person holding any other degree, diploma or qualification which the Minister may, after consultation with the Board, approve for the purpose of entitling the holder thereof to be registered under this Act; or
(c)
any person who satisfies the Board that he is otherwise qualified by having proper and recognised training in architecture and who passes such examinations as may be required by the Board.
(2)
No person shall be entitled to registration under subsection (1)(a), (b) or (c) unless he can satisfy the Board that he has after qualifying —
(a)
such practical experience in architectural work for not less than 24 months consisting of such practical experience in architectural work in Singapore for a continuous period of at least 12 months, and has passed such professional practice examination as may be prescribed or approved by the Board;
(b)
such practical experience in architectural work for not less than 5 years as may be recognised by the Board, which shall include such prescribed practical experience in architectural work in Singapore for not less than two years comprising a continuous period of at least 12 months gained within the 5 years immediately preceding the date of his application for registration under this Act; or
(c)
such practical experience in architectural work for not less than 10 years as may be recognised by the Board.
(3)
The Minister may, after consultation with the Board, by order published in the Gazette, exempt, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, any person from the requirements of subsection (2).
(4)
The Board may refuse to register any applicant who in the opinion of the Board —
(a)
is not of good character and reputation; or
(b)
is unable to carry out the duties of an architect effectively.
(5)
Any person whose application for registration has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of such refusal, appeal to the High Court whose decision shall be final.
(6)
The Board may register without payment of the prescribed fee any architect employed by the Government.
Clause 16
Application for registration
Every application for registration under this Act shall be made to the Board in such form or manner as may be prescribed.
Clause 17
Certificates of registration
(1)
Every registered architect shall, on payment of the prescribed fee, be entitled to receive a certificate of registration under the hand of the Registrar.
(2)
The Board may issue a certificate of registration to a registered architect employed by the Government without payment of the prescribed fee.
Clause 20
Licence for multi-discipline and corporate practice
(1)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant to a corporation a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore if —
(a)
the memorandum of association of the corporation provides that the primary object of the corporation is to supply architectural services;
(b)
at least $1 million of the authorised capital of the corporation is paid up;
(c)
the articles of association of the corporation provide that no person other than a registered architect or an allied professional shall be a director of the corporation;
(d)
the articles of association of the corporation provide that not less than two-thirds, or such lower proportion as the Minister may specify in relation to any particular corporation, of each class of shares of the corporation shall be owned by and registered in the names of registered architects or allied professionals or both, all of whom shall be directors, managers or employees of the corporation;
(e)
the business of the corporation, so far as it relates to the supply of architectural services, will be under the control and management of a manager of the corporation who —
(i)
is a registered architect ordinarily resident in Singapore; and
(ii)
has in force a practising certificate; and
(f)
the corporation is insured against professional liability in accordance with section 24.
(2)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant a licence to any unlimited corporation to supply architectural services in Singapore if —
(a)
the corporation complies with the requirements set out in subsection (1)(a), (c) and (e); and
(b)
the members of the corporation comprise registered architects or allied professionals or both, all of whom shall be directors, managers or employees of the corporation.
(3)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant to a partnership not consisting wholly of registered architects a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore if —
(a)
the partnership is one in which only registered architects, each of whom shall have in force a practising certificate, and allied professionals have a beneficial interest in the capital assets and profits of the partnership; and
(b)
the business of the partnership, so far as it relates to the supply of architectural services in Singapore, will be under the control and management of a manager who is a registered architect ordinarily resident in Singapore and has in force a practising certificate.
(4)
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may grant to any corporation (whether unlimited or not), or a partnership not consisting wholly of registered architects, a licence to supply architectural services in Singapore if the corporation or partnership has in force a licence granted under section 17 of the Land Surveyors Act 1991 or section 21 of the Professional Engineers Act 1991 and —
(a)
in the case of an unlimited corporation, the corporation complies with the requirements set out in subsections (1)(c) and (e) and (2)(b);
(b)
in the case of any other corporation, the corporation complies with the requirements set out in subsection (1)(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f); or
(c)
in the case of a partnership, the partnership complies with the requirements set out in subsection (3).
(5)
Any application for a licence under this section shall be in such form and shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6)
The Board may refuse to grant a licence to any corporation (whether unlimited or not) or partnership if, in the opinion of the Board, the past conduct of any director, manager or employee of the corporation, or any partner, manager or employee of the partnership, affords reasonable grounds for believing that the corporation or partnership, as the case may be, will not supply architectural services in Singapore in accordance with the written law and with honesty and integrity.
(7)
Every licence granted under this section shall, unless earlier revoked, be valid for such period as may be specified therein.
(8)
Any person whose application for a licence has been refused by the Board may, within 30 days after being notified of such refusal, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister whose decision shall be final.
Clause 21
Conditions of licence to practise
(1)
It shall be a condition of every licence granted to any corporation or partnership that the corporation or partnership shall supply architectural services in Singapore only under the control and management of a registered architect ordinarily resident in Singapore who is a manager of the corporation or partnership and has in force a practising certificate.
(2)
It shall be a condition of every licence granted to any corporation other than an unlimited corporation that the corporation shall not supply architectural services in Singapore unless the corporation is insured in respect of professional liability in accordance with section 24.
(3)
Without prejudice to subsections (1) and (2), the Board may grant a licence subject to such other conditions as it thinks fit and may at any time vary any existing conditions (other than those specified in subsections (1) and (2)) of such a licence or impose additional conditions thereto.
(4)
Where a licence is granted by the Board to a corporation or partnership subject to conditions (other than those specified in subsections (1) and (2)), the corporation or partnership may, if aggrieved by the decision of the Board, appeal in the prescribed manner to the Minister whose decision shall be final.
Clause 22
Change in composition of board of directors, members or shareholders
(1)
Any licensed corporation shall, within 30 days of the occurrence of —
(a)
any alteration of its memorandum or articles of association to remove the restrictions, limitations or prohibitions of the kind specified in section 20(1), (2) or (4), whichever is applicable thereto; or
(b)
any change in the composition of its board of directors, members or shareholders,furnish the Board a true report in writing giving full particulars of the alteration or change.
(2)
Any licensed partnership shall, within 30 days of the occurrence of any change in the composition of its members, furnish the Board a true report in writing giving full particulars of the change.
Clause 23
Application of Companies Act
(1)
Sections 162, 163, 197 of and the Eighth Schedule to the Companies Act [Cap. 50] shall apply to a licensed corporation which is an exempt private company subject to the modification that any reference in those sections and that Schedule to an exempt private company shall not include a reference to the licensed corporation; and every such licensed corporation shall —
(a)
comply with the prohibitions in section 162 (relating to loans to its directors) and section 163 (relating to loans to persons connected with the directors of the lending company) of the Companies Act as if it were not an exempt private company; and
(b)
forward annually to the Registrar of Companies, together with the annual return required by section 197 of the Companies Act, such copies of documents as are required to be included in the annual return and such certificates and particulars in accordance with Part II of the Eighth Schedule to that Act as if it were not an exempt private company.
(2)
In this section, “exempt private company” has the same meaning as in the Companies Act.
Clause 24
Liability insurance
Every licensed corporation which is not an unlimited corporation shall be insured against liability for any breach of professional duty arising in the conduct of its business of supplying architectural services in Singapore as a direct result of any negligent act, error or omission committed by the corporation or its directors, managers, secretaries or employees.
Clause 25
Relationship between client and corporation
A licensed corporation shall have the same rights and shall be subject to the same obligations in respect of the fiduciary, confidential and ethical relationships with each client of the corporation that exist at law between a registered architect and his client.
Clause 26
Professional responsibility of supervising architect
A registered architect who has the control and management of the business of a licensed corporation or partnership relating to the supply of architectural services in Singapore shall be subject to the same standards of professional conduct and competence in respect of such services as if he was personally supplying the architectural services.
Clause 27
Cancellation of registration or suspension from practice
(1)
Subject to this section, the Board may by order cancel the registration of any registered architect or suspend him from practice for a period not exceeding one year under any of the following circumstances:
(a)
if he is convicted of any offence involving fraud or dishonesty or moral turpitude;
(b)
if he offers or accepts any commission which in the opinion of the Board is an illicit commission;
(c)
if his registration under this Act or practising certificate has been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation;
(d)
if his qualification for registration under section 15 has been withdrawn or cancelled by the authority through which it was acquired or by which it was awarded;
(e)
if he has been guilty of such improper act or conduct as renders him, in the opinion of the Board, unfit to be an architect;
(f)
if it appears to the Board that he has contravened any provision of the prescribed code of professional conduct and ethics;
(g)
if it appears to the Board that he is no longer in a position to carry out the duties of an architect effectively in Singapore;
(h)
if he has been adjudicated a bankrupt;
(i)
if it appears to the Board that the registered architect, while being a director, manager or employee of a licensed corporation, or partner, manager or employee of a licensed partnership, had failed to take reasonable steps to prevent the corporation or partnership from acting in a manner (other than as described in section 29(1)(e)) which would warrant the Board revoking any licence granted to the corporation or partnership or imposing a penalty under section 29;
(j)
if he is convicted of any offence under this Act; or
(k)
if he refuses or fails to comply with any order of the Board made under subsection (2)(a).
(2)
The Board may in any case in which it considers that no cause of sufficient gravity for cancellation of registration or suspension from practice exists —
(a)
by order impose on the registered architect a penalty not exceeding $10,000; or
(b)
by writing under the hand of the President, censure the registered architect.
(3)
The Board shall not exercise its powers under subsections (1) and (2) unless an opportunity of being heard either personally or by counsel has been given to the registered architect against whom the Board intends to exercise its powers.
(4)
Every penalty imposed by the Board under subsection (2) shall be recoverable as a debt due to the Board.
(5)
While any order of suspension from practice made under this section remains in force, the person concerned shall not for the purposes of this Act be regarded as having in force a practising certificate, but on the expiry or annulment of such order, his privileges under this Act shall be revived as from the date of expiry or annulment.
(6)
An order of cancellation of registration or suspension from practice or an order under subsection (2) shall take effect the day immediately after the Board has by post served the order on the person concerned unless the Board or, where the person concerned gives due notice of appeal to the High Court, the Board or the High Court orders otherwise.
(7)
For the purposes of subsection (1)(i), a registered architect shall be deemed to have taken reasonable steps to prevent the doing of any act by a corporation or partnership if he satisfies the Board that —
(a)
the act was done without his knowledge;
(b)
he was not in a position to influence the conduct of the corporation or partnership in relation to its action; or
(c)
he, being in such a position, exercised all due diligence to prevent the corporation or partnership from so acting.
(8)
In this section, references to acts done by a corporation or partnership include references to omissions to act and to a series of acts or omissions to act.
Clause 28
Removal from register of architects
(1)
There shall be removed from the register of architects the name and other particulars of any registered architect —
(a)
who has died;
(b)
whose registration has been cancelled under section 27;
(c)
who has no address in Singapore at which he can be found; or
(d)
who has not renewed his practising certificate for a continuous period of not less than 10 years.
(2)
Any registered architect may apply to the Board to have his name removed from the register of architects.
(3)
Every application under subsection (2) shall be made in the prescribed form and shall be supported by an affidavit served on the Board not less than two months before the application is heard.
(4)
The Board may for good cause require the applicant to advertise his intention to make the application in such manner as the Board shall direct.
(5)
Subject to subsection (6), the Board may after hearing the application direct the Registrar to remove the name of the applicant from the register of architects.
(6)
No order shall be made on any application under subsection (2) if the Board is satisfied that at the time of hearing the application —
(a)
disciplinary action is pending against the applicant; or
(b)
the conduct of the applicant is the subject of inquiry or investigation by an Investigation Committee.
Clause 29
Revocation of licence
(1)
Subject to subsection (3), the Board may by order revoke any licence it granted to a corporation or partnership if in the opinion of the Board —
(a)
the corporation or partnership has contravened or failed to comply with any of the conditions of the licence imposed under section 21;
(b)
the memorandum or articles of association of the corporation have been so altered that they no longer include the restrictions, limitations or prohibitions of the kind specified in section 20(1), (2) or (4), whichever is applicable;
(c)
a person who is neither a registered architect who has in force a practising certificate nor an allied professional has a beneficial interest in the capital assets and profits of the partnership;
(d)
the licence had been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation;
(e)
the corporation or partnership has ceased to supply architectural services in Singapore;
(f)
the corporation or partnership has contravened or failed to comply with section 22, 23 or 24 or has been convicted of an offence under this Act;
(g)
the corporation or partnership has contravened any provision of the prescribed code of professional conduct and ethics;
(h)
the conduct of any director, manager or employee of the corporation, or any partner, manager or employee of the partnership affords reasonable grounds for believing that the corporation or partnership, as the case may be, will not supply architectural services in Singapore in accordance with any written law and with honesty and integrity; or
(i)
the corporation or partnership has refused or failed to comply with an order of the Board made under subsection (2).
(2)
The Board may, in any case in which it considers that no cause of sufficient gravity for revoking a licence exists, by order impose on the corporation or partnership concerned a penalty not exceeding $20,000 and every such penalty shall be recoverable as a debt due to the Board.
(3)
The Board shall not exercise its powers under subsection (1) or (2) unless an opportunity of being heard by a representative in writing or by counsel had been given to the corporation or partnership against whom the Board intends to exercise its powers.
(4)
Where the Board has revoked a licence pursuant to this section, it shall forthwith inform the corporation or partnership concerned.
(5)
Any order by the Board revoking a licence or imposing a pecuniary penalty shall take effect the day immediately after the Board has by post served the order on the corporation or partnership concerned unless the Board, or where the corporation or partnership gives due notice of appeal to the High Court, the Board or the High Court orders otherwise.
(6)
Where an order of revocation becomes effective —
(a)
the Registrar shall cause notice of the revocation to be published in the Gazette and remove from the register of licensees the name and other particulars of the corporation or partnership concerned; and
(b)
the corporation or partnership concerned shall, as from the date of the notice, cease to supply architectural services in Singapore except as may be approved by the Board for the purpose of winding up its business.
(7)
Subsection (6)(b) shall not prejudice the enforcement by any person of any right or claim against the corporation or partnership or by the corporation or partnership of any right or claim against any person.
Clause 30
Appeals
If the Board has made —
(a)
an order of cancellation of registration or suspension from practice under section 27 against an architect;
(b)
an order of revocation of a licence under section 29 against a corporation or partnership; or
(c)
an order imposing any pecuniary penalty on a registered architect under section 27(2) or on a licensed corporation or partnership under section 29(2),the architect, corporation or partnership concerned may, within 30 days after the order has been communicated to him or them, appeal to the High Court whose decision shall be final.
Clause 31
Reinstatement of registration
(1)
Any person, corporation or partnership whose name has been removed from the register of architects under section 28(1)(b) or the register of licensees under section 29(6)(a), respectively, shall, if his or its appeal to the High Court is allowed, be forthwith reinstated without payment of any fee.
(2)
The Board may in its discretion, after the expiration of not less than two years from the removal from the register of architects the name and particulars of any person, consider any application for registration by that person in accordance with the provisions of Part IV.
Clause 32
Application of fees received by Board
(1)
All fees payable under this Act shall be paid to the Board to be applied in the first place to defraying expenses of registration and other expenses of the administration of this Act, including any expenses of the Board that may be allowed under any rules and thereafter to providing scholarships and the promotion of learning and education in connection with architecture.
(2)
The Registrar shall take and receive all moneys payable to the Board under this Act.
(3)
All fees and other moneys payable to the Board under this Act shall be paid forthwith into a bank account approved by the Board.
(4)
The Board may from time to time invest any moneys not immediately required by the Board in such trustee securities as the Board may determine.
(5)
The Board shall keep full and proper accounts of all moneys received and expended by it and the accounts shall be audited by an auditor approved by the Minister.
(6)
The Board shall, as soon as practicable after the end of each accounting year but not later than 3 months from the end of that year unless the Minister otherwise authorises in writing, submit to the Minister a report of its functions, proceedings and activities during the preceding year.
Clause 33
Powers of Board and Investigation Committee to require attendance of witnesses, etc.
(1)
For the purposes of any investigation by an Investigation Committee or any hearing under section 27 or 29 by the Board, the Investigation Committee or the Board may —
(a)
require evidence to be given on oath and for that purpose the Chairman of the Investigation Committee or the President or other member of the Board presiding at the hearing may administer an oath; and
(b)
require any person to attend and give evidence before it and to produce all books, documents and papers in the custody of that person or under his control relating to the subject-matter of the investigation or hearing.
(2)
Every person who without lawful excuse refuses or fails —
(a)
to attend and give evidence when required to do so by the Investigation Committee or the Board;
(b)
to answer truly and fully any question put to him by a member of the Investigation Committee or the Board; or
(c)
to produce to the Investigation Committee or the Board any book, document or paper required of him,shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000.
Clause 34
Penalty for wilful falsification of register and wrongfully procuring registration, etc.
Any person who —
(a)
wilfully makes or causes to be made any false entry in or any falsification of any register kept and maintained under this Act;
(b)
wilfully procures or attempts to procure —
(i)
for any corporation or partnership a licence; or
(ii)
for himself or any other person a practising certificate or to be registered as an architect under this Act,by making or producing or causing to be made or produced any false or fraudulent representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, or by intentionally suppressing any material fact and furnishing information which is misleading; or
(c)
knowingly aids or assists in any of the acts mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b),shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.
Clause 35
Offences by bodies corporate, etc.
Where a corporation, partnership or unincorporated association of persons is guilty of an offence under this Act and that offence is proved to have been committed with the authority, consent or connivance of any director, manager, partner, secretary or other similar officer of the corporation, partnership or association or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he, as well as the corporation, partnership or association shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Clause 36
Rules
(1)
The Board may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act and for any matter which is required under this Act to be prescribed.
(2)
Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the Board may, with the approval of the Minister, make rules —
(a)
prescribing forms of applications under this Act and certificates of registration, practising certificates and licences;
(b)
prescribing the fees payable under this Act;
(c)
prescribing the subject-matter of examinations to be conducted by or under the direction of the Board in the case of applicants or class of applicants for registration;
(d)
prescribing the form in which the register of architects, register of practitioners and register of licensees are to be kept and the particulars to be entered therein;
(e)
prescribing a code of professional conduct and ethics; and
(f)
generally providing for such other matters as may be necessary or expedient for carrying out the provisions of this Act.
(3)
All rules made under this section shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.
Clause 37
Exemption
(1)
The Minister may, by order and subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, exempt any person or class of persons from all or any of the provisions of this Act.
(2)
Any order made under this section shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.
Clause 38
No action in absence of bad faith or malice
No action or proceedings shall lie against the Board or an Investigation Committee or any member thereof for any act or thing done under this Act unless it is proved to the court that the act or thing was done in bad faith or with malice.
Clause 39
Repeal
The Architects Act [Cap. 12] is repealed.
Clause 40
Persons already registered
(1)
Every person who is registered under the provisions of the repealed Act immediately before the appointed day shall be deemed to be a registered architect under the provisions of this Act.
(2)
The Registrar shall transfer to the register of architects the names of all persons on the register kept under section 6 of the repealed Act together with the dates of their respective registration and any other particulars appearing in that register.
Clause 41
Continuation of office of Board members, etc.
(1)
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, a person who, immediately before the appointed day, held office as a member of the previous Board shall —
(a)
if he is a member by virtue of section 3(2)(b) or (d) of the repealed Act, continue to hold office as a member of the Board as if appointed under section 4(2) and, subject to section 4, for such term as the Minister may determine, not being more than 3 years from the appointed day; and
(b)
if he is a member appointed under section 3(2)(a), (c), (e) or (f) of the repealed Act, continue to hold office as a member of the Board as if appointed under section 4(2) and, subject to section 4, for the residue of his term of office.
(2)
The first Registrar of the Board shall be the person who, immediately before the appointed day, held office as the Registrar of the previous Board, and such person shall continue to hold office as if he had been appointed under section 9.
Clause 42
Transfer of assets and property
On the appointed day, all assets and properties of every description and all powers, rights and privileges in connection therewith or appertaining thereto which immediately before that day were vested in the previous Board shall be transferred to and vest in the Board without further assurance.
Clause 43
Transitional
(1)
On the appointed day, any scheme, contract, document, licence or resolution prepared, made, granted or approved by or on behalf of the previous Board shall continue and be deemed to have been prepared, made, granted or approved by the Board under this Act.
(2)
All obligations and liabilities of the previous Board existing immediately before the appointed day shall as from that day be the obligations and liabilities of the Board and the Board shall have all necessary powers to discharge them.
(3)
In any written law and in any document, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to the previous Board shall be construed as a reference to the Board.
(4)
Any proceedings or cause of action pending or existing immediately before the appointed day by or against the previous Board, or any person acting on its behalf, may be continued and enforced by or against the Board.
Clause 44
Disciplinary proceedings
(1)
Where on the appointed day any disciplinary proceedings under section 12 of the repealed Act are pending against any person, the proceedings shall be carried on and completed by the Board; but where on that day any such matter was being heard or investigated or had been heard or investigated by the previous Board or any Investigation Committee appointed under the repealed Act and no order, report or decision had been rendered thereon, the previous Board or that Investigation Committee shall continue to exist to complete the hearing or investigation and make such order, report or decision as it could have under the provisions of the repealed Act.
(2)
Where pursuant to this section any order, report or decision is made by the previous Board or any Investigation Committee appointed under the repealed Act, that order, report or decision shall be treated as an order, report or decision of the Board or that Investigation Committee and have the same force and effect as if it had been made by the Board or an Investigation Committee pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
Clause 45
Practising certificates
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, a person who is a registered architect shall be entitled to do any of the acts referred to in section 10 without a practising certificate for a period of two months from and including the appointed day, except that nothing in this section shall authorise any registered architect to do any of such acts during the aforesaid period if he is suspended from practice for that duration.
Clause 46
Certificates of registration
Every certificate of registration issued under the repealed Act to any registered architect and which is valid immediately before the appointed day shall not lapse but remain valid until the registration of the architect is cancelled under this Act.
Clause 47
References in other written laws
On the expiration of two months from and including the appointed day, all references in any other written law to registered architects, or to persons registered under the provisions of the repealed Act, shall be read as references to registered architects who have in force practising certificates within the meaning of this Act.
Common questions
- What is Architects Bill?
- Architects Bill is Singapore Bill, cited as Bill 9 1991, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1991.
- Is Architects Bill still in force?
- Yes — Architects Bill is currently in force.
- When did Architects Bill take effect?
- Architects Bill was first recorded in 1991.
- How many clauses does Architects Bill have?
- Architects Bill contains 47 clauses.
- Where can I read the official version of Architects Bill?
- The official text of Architects Bill is published at sso.agc.gov.sg.