Singapore legislation
Clause 4
Clause 4
Exceptions from liability under section 3
The owner or operator of a ship, offshore facility, or onshore facility, from which oil has been discharged or has escaped, shall not incur any liability under section 3 if he proves that the discharge or escape —
resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible natural phenomenon;
was due wholly to anything done or left undone by another person, not being a servant or agent of the owner or operator with intent to do damage; or
was, in the case of the discharge or escape of oil from a ship, due wholly to the negligence or wrongful act of the Government or the Authority in exercising its function of maintaining lights or other navigational aids for the maintenance of which it was responsible.