Article 104

Except as expressly provided by this Constitution, every person who is a member of the public service shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Constitution, the qualifications for appointments and conditions of service of persons in the public services may be regulated by law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, by the President.

The promotion of public officers is to be based on official qualifications, experience and merit.

A public officer must not be dismissed or reduced in rank under this Part without being given a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

Subject to Article 110D, an officer in any of the services mentioned in Article 102(1)(b), (ba), (c) and (d) must not be dismissed or reduced in rank by an authority subordinate to that which, at the time of the dismissal or reduction, has power to appoint an officer of that service of equal rank.