Singapore legislation
Regulation 91
of Air Navigation (121 — Commercial Air Transport by Large Aeroplanes) Regulations 2018
Regulation 91
Aircraft operating at night or under IFR
Subregulation 1
An AOC holder must ensure that a large aeroplane that is to be flown at night, in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules, or when the surface is not in sight, is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying —
magnetic heading;
the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
barometric altitude from 2 independent altimetry sources, at least one of which must be a sensitive pressure altimeter;
airspeed calibrated in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;
mach number, if the speed limitation prescribed by the aeroplane’s flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number;
turn and slip;
aircraft attitude for each required pilot, except in an aeroplane where one of these may be replaced by the turn and slip indicator;
stabilised aircraft heading;
the adequacy of the power supply to any gyroscopic instruments;
outside air temperature; and
rate of climb and descent.
Subregulation 2
An AOC holder must ensure each attitude indicator provided in accordance with paragraph (1)(g) —
is powered by a separate power source that is capable of automatically continuing to power the indicator for at least 30 minutes after total failure of the main electrical system; and
has an indicator on the instrument panel of the aeroplane to inform the pilot when the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.
Subregulation 3
Where the large aeroplane is a pressurised aeroplane, the AOC holder must ensure that the equipment installed to measure barometric altitude in accordance with paragraph (1)(c) has a counter drum pointer or equivalent presentation.
Subregulation 4
Where a large aeroplane is to be flown at night, the AOC holder must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with the following lights:
any lights required by the Rules of the Air;
illumination for all flight instruments and equipment essential for the safe operation of the aeroplane;
lights in all passenger compartments;
an independent portable light for each crew member station;
a means to illuminate or detect the formation of ice.
Subregulation 5
In this regulation, “the surface is not in sight” means that —
the flight crew is not able to see sufficient surface features; or (b)the surface illumination is insufficient to enable the flight crew to maintain the aeroplane in a desired attitude without reference to any flight instrument.