Hansard, 2008-02-29

Under the provision of clause 2(d) of Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, the following Member has been granted permission to be or to remain absent from sittings of Parliament (or any Committee of Parliament to which she has been appointed) for the period stated: Name From (2008) To (2008) Er Lee Bee Wah 13 Mar 15 Mar

ABDULLAH TARMUGI Speaker Parliament of Singapore

Order read for consideration in Committee of Supply [3rd Allotted Day].

Head Q – Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts

Head Q – Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. Miss Penny Low.

KPIs and Concrete Results from Arts Events

Sir, I beg to move,

That the total sum to be allocated for Head Q of the Estimates be reduced by $100.

Sir, what is a place with production lines but no arts and culture? It is called a plain vanilla factory. Sir, what is a nation without arts and culture? It will be without a soul and imagination. Would this be a place to attract the top talents? Obviously not. In the race for top talents, a strong arts and culture sector turns a high-skill, high-innovation economy into a great, liveable place. I applaud MICA’s effort to promote the Renaissance City plan. In 2006, MICA spent $31.2 million to support hundreds of artists and events. Revenue generated amounted to $3.45 billion in 2006 and $3.67 billion in 2007 – a tremendous value-add to our economy. However, I fear the efforts at promoting arts and culture could be shortchanged by the narrow criteria set as definitions of success and KPIs.

MICA prides itself on supporting hundreds of arts-related activities with thousands of attendees. Funding criteria are very much numbers-focused. However, quantity is not always quality. Arts and culture take time to evolve and be integrated into everyday life. A more sustainable way of nurturing the arts is to identify key stakeholders and focus on building the Renaissance City eco-system. To this end, why not have yearly awards to glam up and focus the sectors on measurements that build the eco-system? Awards can be open to all arts-related events, including artistic productions, fashion shows, corporate and grassroots events, indoor and outdoor performances, and so on. Some suggestions are:

"The most experiential and creative arts production of the year Award", judged based on the innovative idea, impact an event has on its audience, audience participation strategy, inspiration quotient, and so on. (2) "The arts or event organiser of the year Award", judged based on the evidence of clear strategic thinking, marketing effectiveness, cost per audience, return on investment and audience interaction.

We could also have "The best backroom support provider of the year Award", given to the props or audio visual technical experts that enhance the artists’ works. Criteria include how innovative solutions to a client’s brief were arrived at and executed, cost effectiveness and audience endorsement.

We could also have "The most buzz event of the year Award", judged based on its media hit rates.

The list goes on, but it suffices to show that arts and culture can be measured with a more liberal set of KPIs than mere audience numbers. Otherwise, events that offer goodie bags and lucky draws may overwhelm the funding pie. KPIs should aim at nurturing the critical paths and stakeholders, involving the private, public and people sectors to produce a multiplier effect. Nurture the stakeholders, provide a favourable tax and open environment and allow the arts and culture eco-system to flourish.

Finally, can the Minister provide an update on:

The excellent Renaissance City Plan, 3.0? (2) The School of the Arts? (3) National Arts Gallery?

Renaissance City Plan

Sir, I applaud MICA for its bold step to turn Singapore into a globalised city through its Renaissance City plan. Amidst the flurry of the infrastructure built and the tickets sold, I would like to pause and ask: Are we a creative city or a karaoke city?

A creative city is marked by innovation, ideas and an authentic cultural vibrancy. A karaoke city is one which excels at stylish imitation, taking a well-sung song and putting its own rendition on it. The Integrated Resorts, the Singapore Flyer and the F1 race, these add to our buzz, but I would argue they do little to project Singapore as a creative city. They may be good ideas, but they are not ours. We have the Arts Festival, the Biennale and many arts events. But we should take stock. How have we invested in creating something unique which builds on our strong traditions and heritage and which will leave a cultural legacy not only for Singapore but for the rest of the world? How are we tapping our indigenous cultural capital to recreate our city to turn public spaces into aesthetic experiences that move our spirit? How generously and actively do we commission artistic and musical works to Singaporeans, take risks with them and pioneer their work in Singapore and other parts of the world?

We need to devote more funds to our Singapore arts groups. The budget for our National Arts Council seems puny, compared to that of the arts councils in major cultural cities. This year, I see that it receives 2.6% more over last year's budget. This will hardly keep up with inflation. What progress has been made to inculcate an appreciation of our heritage and to strengthen the Singapore heartbeat to the creation and sharing of Singapore stories, be it film, theatre, dance, music, literature or the visual arts?

Sir, cities need stories of cultural narratives about themselves, to both anchor and drive identity as well as to galvanise residents. A city which describes itself as we do, as a global city of opportunity with its economic undertones fosters different behavioural patterns in citizens than a city that projects itself as a city of culture, a creative city or a city of ideas. Adelaide, which started the Festival of Ideas in 1999, explicitly conceives of itself as a thinking city. It invites thinkers from all over the world to assist South Australia to build on its climate of creativity. The ideas festival has since been copied by other cities, such as Bristol and Aspen. We have the Renaissance City plan. But my sense is that we do not see or project ourselves as a renaissance city as such. "Renaissance" is French for rebirth. It implies a flowering of ideas, an openness to novel and even strange ones. It implies a period in which artistic, social, scientific and political thought turn in new directions.

If we are serious about becoming a Renaissance City, we should take a more relaxed approach to some of our old policies which may be too cautious for this great task before us. The incident involving the Complaints Choir highlights the historical mindset against foreigners that seems out of place in our arts scene today. Collaborations between different arts groups from different parts of the world are part of the creative process in this globalised world. With the better educated and more cosmopolitan population, should we not allow our citizens to listen to different views, wherever they come from, and make their own judgment? Beyond the two subjects which we should stay off-limits, ie, race and religion, why should we fear foreign talents working with our arts groups to produce something that may touch on life and politics in Singapore?

To be honest, I was not too exercised about the Complaints Choir incident because:

I do not understand what we need to learn from two Finns on how to complain. We are very good at that already; and

I do not see what is so creative about singing complaints that Singaporeans are already mouthing to themselves every day, ie, karaoke.

But I thought that MICA's decision to clamp down on the foreigners in this group jarred like a chalk screeching across the board. The notion of a creative city, as opposed to a karaoke city, implies a level of openness that might potentially be unsettling to some. We should be ready for that and be more relaxed if we are serious about our quest to be a global arts city.

Another event we should prepare for is the 2010 Youth Olympic Games. We should treat this major event not only as a sporting event but also as a major cultural festival with effects lasting long after the Games are gone. I would urge MICA to start planning for this and to involve our creative and cultural sector. We should use this opportunity to regenerate the cultural life of our cityscape, reposition Singapore and project ourselves a truly Renaissance City – A New City Reborn.

Mr Chan Soo Sen. Take your two cuts together, please. Total of nine minutes.

Fusion Arts

Sir, I must say that Singapore has a better "cooling" spell now culturally. We have been successful in organising the Youth Olympics Games. That makes us cool. Last year, I was in China and I had the opportunity to be at the Singapore Seasons in Shanghai as well as in Beijing. I remember telling the Minister at the end of the show that I felt very good as a Singaporean because we were demonstrating to the Chinese that we were there not only for economic mutual benefits but also for cultural exchange. And that was cool.

For the two Singapore Season events, there are two things that made the events very cool. One is our fusion food which I thought everybody enjoyed – Chinese, Singaporeans, everybody. There was also this thing called the fusion arts which I saw – big cultural items, multi-racial artistes going up, putting on each other's costumes, dancing, and I think the opinion for that one is a little more mixed. Some said it was neither here nor there, it was a weird mixture. Some of my Chinese guests who were there told me that actually they did not know what it was all about but that it was interesting. I suppose "interesting" is a very polite way of saying that, yes, it is something that I cannot understand, but thanks for the effort anyway.

I think fusion art is something that we can have a unique opportunity to be innovative about, because Singapore is really a place where a lot of cultures meet – East and East, East and West, North East vs South East, South East vs South West – everybody seems to meet here because the monsoon meets here and brought our own forefathers together. So we have the opportunity to appreciate each other's arts, and a lot of our traditional artists come here with the immigrants and they meet, make friends, exchange and create unique brands of arts. Fusion art is not, as what I have said earlier, people of different ethnic groups putting on each other's costume and dancing, performing western dance. That is, in a sense, a kind of fusion art. But then we remember chemistry. I remember when we studied, one of the first experiments that we did was to mix iron powder with sulphur and, after mixing it, that is called a mixture. A mixture can be separated through physical method. You use a magnet and you can remove all the iron dusts. Or you use – was it called carbon disulphide? – you can dissolve all the sulphur, let it evaporate and you separate the sulphur from the iron. But if you heat it up, it becomes some kind of iron ferric type of compound. It can never be separated again.

I think, for our fusion arts, we have achieved the mixture stage. The challenge is whether we can achieve some kind of a chemical reaction compound stage so that we will create something that is really unique. As I have said, this has already happened in the past. We have this very famous style of painting called the Nanyang style. This is basically the Chinese artists who came from China to Southeast Asia and who were influenced by the Malay way of painting as well as the Western way of painting. They looked at the Southeast Asian subjects and then they evolved into some unique way of painting. We have people like, for example, Liu Kang and Chen Wen Hsi. These are very, very famous world-class, or at least regional class, fusion artists. In the case of writing, we also have a group called the Malayan Chinese literature. Frankly, Malayan Chinese literature, in large part, means Singapore Chinese literature, because a lot of them actually worked in Singapore. It is just that, at that time, this place was called Malaya. So Malayan Chinese literary style. Again, Chinese writers coming to this part of the world influenced by each other's way of creativity and looking at the local subject matters and issues and evolved into a unique style of writing.

If this has happened in the past, I am sure it can happen in the future so long as we get the compound right. The correct compound consists of people who are steep in multi-cultural creativity, in the sense that you have somebody who is equally good in Chinese arts as well as Western arts, there is a chance that he would evolve into a kind of unique fusion art. If you have somebody who is very good in Chinese arts as well as Malay arts, eg, Chen Wen Hsi and Liu Kang, it evolved into a Nanyang style of painting. What we need are multi-cultural types of artists. We now have an opportunity. We are going to have an Arts School. Part of the objectives for our education is to be multi-cultural. I would like to urge that the Arts School pay much attention in the multi-cultural approach to arts education so that we may have a chance to evolve our unique style of fusion arts that we can truly call Singaporean. Of course, this is for the future. If this happens, then we will have something that we can truly be proud of and feel very, very cool about – our unique fusion art. It is not only East-West. It is also East-East. It can also be North East-South East, South East-North East, South East-South West. In case you do not know what I mean, we can have many, many styles of fusion arts for the future.

12.15 pm

As for the past, we already have all the masters that I mentioned earlier.

I do not know where their works are. I think it is worthwhile to bring their works together to have our proposed Pioneer Artists' Museum, to deliberately collect all these arts and lay them out in proper manner, introduce them, firstly, to be fair to our history of innovation. This is a souvenir shop to keep, but, more importantly, to also inspire our future generation of fusion artists. This has happened in the past. It has got to happen in the future. These are the people who have made it. How about you finding yourself in our Pioneer Artists' Museum sometime in the future?

Recognition and Rewards for Artists

Sir, Megan Zheng, the child actress of local move, "Home Run", won Best Newcomer at Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards, Oscars of the Chinese movie industry, in 2003. Another Jack Neo movie, "Just Follow Law", was nominated for Best Actor, Best Original Screenplay and Best Visual Effects at the same Awards last year. Another local movie, "881", was also accepted as Singapore's selection for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film in 2007. These are news that many people would have learnt about in the media.

The National Arts Council has a target of 25 international awards by Singapore artists as a performance indicator. The number achieved was 20 in 2007. I doubt many people would have heard or knew about any of these 20 award winners last year, or of the 25 international award winners to be known this year, assuming that we hit the target set. I think if things do not change, this would be the scenario.

Many artists and arts groups have given feedback that when they received international awards overseas for their works and achievements, they often do not get attention in Singapore. Here, we have a Singapore son or daughter coming home doing the country proud, but there is no pat on the shoulder. The trophy is left on the shelf in the child's bedroom, collecting dust.

Let us look at and learn from another sector, the sports sector. The Singapore National Olympic Council initiated the Multi-Million Dollar Award Programme in 1991 as an incentive for athletes to win medals at four major international and regional games. The Singapore Totalisator Board and Asia Pacific Breweries are sponsors for these awards. According to the answer by MCYS to my Parliamentary Question (PQ) last month, I quote, "The purpose of the MAP award is to recognise our athletes' individual and team efforts and sacrifices in training intensively at the elite level and attaining medal honour for the country." The answer also reminded that the award should be viewed as part of a comprehensive support and recognition framework for our athletes.

I totally agree. Just like we have the School of the Arts now to develop young arts talents and there are the Cultural Medallion and Young Artists Awards to honour artists, there are similarities in the Sports School and the National Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year awards.

I would like MICA to consider initiating some kind of official reward system for our artists when they win a prestigious international award. The quantum of the award is not important. However, the gesture will be very significant in terms of recognising the dedication, hard work and achievement of our artists. A simple awards ceremony will also create the opportunity and interest for the media to report on, hence raising greater awareness in the public. It will also serve as a motivation for aspiring artists to persevere in the artistic journey. Just like the Multi-Million Dollar Award programme, it only recognises medals in the Southeast Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games and Olympic Games, and maybe the Youth Olympic Games in the future. The National Arts Council should also identify selected established international awards for the various arts disciplines. We can start with a limited range, with an award each for dance, theatre, music, literary and visual arts. I am sure, with this enhancement, the artists will feel very much encouraged and this will give a lot more meaning to the 20 international award winners last year, beyond just a statistical entry to a key performance indicator for public agencies.

Exporting World-class Local Arts Talents and Productions

Sir, over the last few years, we have made significant progress in our plans to turn Singapore into a creative hub. We have already established the infrastructure, but what is needed is how to expand our creative talent, both in terms of quantity and quality.

Although we have done many promotions from Beijing to London, the perception from industry is that our programmes have not created enough world-class talents and productions. Those who have made it in the global arena seem to have stumbled upon their own success and we should think of more programmes to groom more such talents within a good framework.

Promotions do not necessarily translate into sustainable creative arts business. There is a need for MICA to look at arts as serious business, not just about developing artistic talents, but putting in solid investments to get our fundamentals right.

We should develop more of our local talents, and the bigger challenge is how to make the industry an attractive career alternative, to draw more people with the potential to excel.

One way to make it more attractive is to invest in our creative products and equip them not only as world-class products, but ones that are commercially viable. Not only can we get immediate attention, but it can inspire younger local talents.

Would MICA or the MDA consider investing to redevelop our local productions, using world-class talents in scripting and production, making them commercially relevant in the global arts sector? For example, can we have people like leading British producer of musicals, Cameron Mackintosh to redevelop or rewrite local productions, for example, Forbidden City or Fried Rice Paradise, for global export?

I think this can be also applied to works by local Cultural Medallion winners or promising arts production houses whose works can be transformed with the help of world-class brand-name producers, designers, artists, etc.

Given the millions that we spend on promoting our arts overseas, can MICA tweak its internationalisation programme to invest in young artists and production talents to be mentored by world-class artists, production houses, producers, directors, etc? This will enable us to set our fundamentals right locally to create quality, commercially viable productions for the global arts stage.

Allow me to continue in Malay.

(In Malay): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A*.] A long time ago, Singapore was renowned as the centre for the Malay film industry. Many still remember the studios at Jalan Ampas and Cathay Keris – brand names that we can be proud of.

But all these have faded and only memories remain. Instead, we, in turn, buy foreign programmes like those from Malaysia and Indonesia.

Our market size is too small for us to develop this industry in order to bring any substantial commercial benefits. Maybe our talent pool is also too small to compete with Malaysia and Indonesia.

But one way to expand our Malay film industry is through higher cooperation, like the co-productions that involve two countries, where the final product can be marketed together.

I think Singapore can resurrect its reputation as the centre of the film industry because basically we have good infrastructure in terms of facilities and foundation.

I hope MICA will be able to play its role to facilitate this effort and give support, like incentives and so on.

*Cols. 1577-1578.

Singapore in UNESCO

Following Singapore joining the UNESCO in October 2007, MICA has been assigned to lead the sub-committee on culture and information. What will be MICA's strategies and also how will we showcase and highlight our culture, communications and information sectors to the world, bearing in mind countries in the regions and around the world are also developing their creative industries, and competition as well as acknowledgement at all levels will also certainly be high? How will we showcase Singapore in the context of the evolution of an exciting, vibrant and transformed global nation positioned at the crossroads of Asia and, most importantly, our multi-racial and multi-cultural characteristics?

Arts Outreach

The arts community, MICA, the National Arts Council and specific arts groups are doing a lot in making Singapore a more vibrant global arts and culture city. In FY2006 alone, there were 158 free arts events to reach out to the populace and over 300 events in total. However, these only still attract those who are more interested and have an artistic flair.

For the coming years, will the Ministry be planning more community outreach for the heartlander crowd? By this, I mean the lower-income, the average aunties and uncles who do not read the newspapers or do not speak English very well, so that they, too, can enhance their awareness of the arts and do not miss out on the finer things in life.

Will there be centralised programmes to promote active enhancement and engagement as well as ownership of arts and culture by the community at large? These arts and heritage events will certainly help to put our innovative developments to foster an inclusive society, especially with the influx of new citizens as well as foreign talents amongst us.

Cultural Heritage

(In Mandarin ): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A *.] Sir, the UNESCO World Cultural Diversity Declaration 2001 states: "Cultural diversity is one of the original sources of development. It is important to mankind, just as biological diversity is important to mother nature." UNESCO also pointed out that cultural heritage includes not only the materialistic historical sites or relics, but also covers the various communities and customs that are left behind by our ancestors, that include the various languages and dialects as well as the performing arts.

Singapore was founded in 1819, less than 200 years ago. We do not have awesome relics, such as the Pyramids or the Great Wall but we have something that is bestowed to us by our ancestors – the cultural heritage passed on to us by our forefathers. In fact, we have the various customs and traditions from the Chinese, Malay, Indian and Eurasian communities, as well as our native Peranakan culture.

Unfortunately, we do not cherish and preserve them. Many of these have diminished, such as our roadside dialect wayang, and the Malay Gamelan music. Since they are not supported by us, many of these have diminished.

As far as language is concerned, many of our younger generation people could not speak their own dialect and the Eurasians are also beginning to lose their unique Kristan language. Many people have forgotten the real meaning of their traditional festivals. Many Chinese families go overseas during the Chinese New Year festival period instead of staying at home for reunion and new-year visitations to their relatives and friends. Many of our roadside crafts and delicacies have also diminished.

During a recent Chinese New Year gathering, I had the pleasure to taste the "Gi-ah kueh " made by the 75-year-old mother of my friend. This is a traditional food from Ann Kway county of Hokkien province. I have not tasted this delicacy for more than 30 years in Singapore. This food brought back memories of my childhood days, and it reminded me of the urgency of preserving our cultural heritage.

This morning, in the Lianhe Zaobao, a reader wrote that the Korean people felt extremely guilty when they were not able to preserve the Nan An Men, a national treasure which was lost in a recent fire. The author asked if such a thing were to happen in Singapore, would we have the same kind of feeling?

While developing ourselves into an international commercial metropolis, we must also do our best to preserve our cultural heritage. We have to preserve the very precious heritage and pass it on to our children and grandchildren. This is what I call, "Seek the root while the root is still here, but do not pass the lantern only after the light has been put out."

*Cols. 1579-1580.

Developing of Geylang Area as a Civic District

Sir, the Geylang area offers a wide range of arts, culture and heritage, what with its numerous small galleries and studios, temples, religious associations, the Buddhist Library, and so on. It has a great potential to form another civic district in Singapore.

Currently, many of the facilities are rundown and they pose serious challenges of congestion as well as vice. Can the Ministry consider improving and enhancing these facilities and helping in their preservation? Next, increasing the public's awareness of these places through some form of publicity programmes which sustain. Thirdly, medium term tie-ups with the STB to add and highlight these places in some of their packages, especially those pertaining to culture and heritage tours.

As Singapore becomes more vibrant with all the exciting and stimulating developments around, certainly, the richness of Geylang cannot and should not be left out, left undeveloped and left unharnessed.

Patrons of Art

12.30 pm

(In Mandarin ): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A *.] Sir, I remember, every year, when I visit my father-in-law's house, I would do one thing, ie, to browse his collection of old books. Every time, I would take one of these out-of-print books home. Over the years, I must have taken more than 30 of his old books and these books are not available at the shops anymore. They were printed in the 1950s.

In the 1950s and 60s, these books were priced at $1 to $2 each. At that time, $1 or $2 was a lot of money. I asked my father-in-law, “As a Chinese teacher, your salary then was just $100-$200. So, every month, you would spend about 1% of your salary on books. But you did not have the time to read them, you just kept them at home, and eventually got stolen by your son-in-law. Why did you persist in doing that? Is there any meaning in it?”

My father-in-law said something which I will remember for life. He said, "If I don't buy the books, who is going to support the authors?"

Recently, some 40 years after my father-in-law’s supportive efforts for the authors, one of my former classmates wanted to publish a book on his collection of poems. He solicited for donations from all his classmates to meet the publication cost. He needed about $4,000-$5,000 to print the book. I asked him, "Why don't you just publish it and you can earn your money back when the books are sold?" He replied, "Nobody would buy the book. I have to pay for the printing cost. Once the book is published, I would give a copy to each of the students of my alma mater, and I would have accomplished my mission. Even if nobody buys it, I do not mind."

Compared to my father-in-law 40 years ago, I feel that we are moving backwards in the support of our culture. If each of us can donate 1% of our income to set up a National Cultural Fund, and ask the Government to match us dollar for dollar, I think we would have a very big endowment fund to support our cultural activities in Singapore, particularly the traditional arts.

Why am I talking about "traditional arts"? Because events like concerts by Michael Jackson – I am not running him down – can easily find people who are willing and eager to support him and to buy tickets for his concerts. But for traditional arts, such as traditional roadside dialect wayangs, whether it is Cantonese or Hokkien operas, the troupes are finding it difficult to survive, as they are always having difficulties raising the money to keep their activities going. I have spoken to some of the volunteers who are organising these activities. They said, "Every year, when we present a show, we have to put in a lot of money. There is a certain cost. The tickets cannot be sold. Nobody would buy the tickets. So we have to look for a few big sponsors or patrons for donations. Even with the donations, we have problems selling the tickets because nobody is interested to buy the tickets, and the theatre would be empty. What do we do? We have to go to the homes and invite the old folks to come to the shows, free of charge. We have done our best."

Do not forget that most, if not all, the existing sponsors and patrons are quite elderly now. In 10 years' time, they may not be around or too old to continue supporting these voluntary organisations. I observe that the new sponsors are not forthcoming. There are no new patrons to take over. What is going to happen to our traditional arts? In the past, during the Seventh Month Festival or occasions to give thanks to the gods, we would still have the Hokkien wayangs. Some of the temples, like the Taoist temple at Koo Chai Ba, would put up some traditional dialect wayangs. But, nowadays, they use getai singing instead. The organisers do not even ask whether the gods would enjoy this type of performance. They simply go for the modern getai. And with getai, the traditional dramas would have no place in these festivals.

So, if our traditional culture were to become extinct, who shall we blame? But, if we were to have a National Cultural Fund, and everyone donates maybe 1% of their salary – that is not asking too much – and we ask the Government to match it dollar for dollar, then we can invite some of those “national treasure” exponents of these traditional arts from China to come and promote this traditional culture. There is hope that we may preserve the rich cultural heritage left behind by our ancestors to us. Would this not be a good thing?

*Cols. 1581-1584.

Recognition and Rewards for Artists

Sir, what people thought was a huge Christmas tree turned out to be Singapore's tallest public sculpture at Finlayson Green. Everyday, on my way to work, I see this 18.35-metre tall sculpture by Israeli sculptor, David Gerstein. It depicts an upward spiral of progress capturing the energy and momentum of the district, and this gives me a sense of purpose at the start of my working day.

The public sculpture donation scheme was established in 1988, to provide tax incentives to corporations and individuals who donate a sculpture to the nation. It used to be a tax exemption up to 100% of the value of the sculpture. From 2002, the exemption was increased to 200%, and I applaud that. However, the incentive requires the company or individual to give up ownership of the sculpture. On the other hand, there are tax incentives for owners who want to retain ownership of the public sculpture but the tax exemption is limited to expenses for the installation and maintenance of the sculpture. To encourage more public sculpture on the streets of Singapore for the enjoyment of the public, I would like to suggest that this lesser incentive scheme be enhanced to cover up to 100% of the value of the art work. I think that as long as there are conditions to require public access to the art work and the owner is not allowed to remove or change the sculpture, the ownership issue should not be critical. What is important is that the public can access and appreciate good art works. At the same time, the Government could also save on maintaining the sculpture.

Mr Chairman, I thank the hon. Members for their many comments and suggestions on promoting the arts and supporting culture and heritage in Singapore. In responding to the Members, I will provide this House with an overview of how the arts is transforming Singapore into a more distinctive global city, as well as strengthening our sense of community, belonging and national identity.

Mr Chairman, internationally recognised global cities are defined not only by their economic and financial achievements, but also by the diversity and depth of their arts and culture.

Time magazine recently named London, New York and Hong Kong as cities which drive the global economy. The article pointed out that, "Great cities, of course, are more than money and finance. They are messy agglomerations of talent and culture. That is how they attract men and women in the financial sector who could choose to live anywhere."

In a ranking of the world's 20 most liveable cities by Monocle magazine, Singapore was ranked 17th. Arts and culture were key factors in the assessment. While we were not placed at the top, Monocle noted the changes taking place in Singapore, and I quote, "Today's Singapore bears little resemblance to the city of just 10 years ago. The arts scene has seen a flowering of museums, performing arts venues and galleries."

Sir, less than 10 years ago, in 2000, the Renaissance City Plan (RCP) was launched to transform Singapore into a creative and vibrant global city. A city where arts and culture thrive, bringing Singaporeans closer together, strengthening our sense of national identity and attracting talents to our city.

We knew that we had a long way to go. In the first phase, or RCP1 as we referred to it, we focused on building up an audience for arts and increasing the pool of artistic talents. This was followed by the second phase, or RCP2, in 2004, when we initiated support for artists and arts companies to venture onto the international stage. This brief recap provides the backdrop for my response to Miss Penny Low and Ms Irene Ng who asked how we measure our success, whether or not the targets of RCP have been met, and how far we have strengthened the Singapore heartbeat through the creation and sharing of our artistic and cultural heritage.

Sir, the progress in our arts and cultural development is evident. Apart from Monocle's and many other media observations, the vibrancy of our arts and culture scene is almost palpable. Today, we have a list of 700 registered arts companies and societies, almost double the 400 barely 10 years ago. They actively create and produce a growing host of arts activities throughout Singapore.

Last year, we had about 7,400 arts events, providing a total of 21,000 performances and exhibition days. On average, Singaporeans had a choice of over 50 arts performances and exhibitions on any one day. That is a lot to choose from, and nearly 40% can be enjoyed for free by the general public.

Miss Penny Low asked for MICA's share of these events. MICA and our agencies were responsible for approximately 15% of all the arts activities each year. This is a good balance. It shows that the arts community is taking ownership and developing followings and supporters.

Miss Penny Low also asked about the objectives of these activities and whether they are embraced by stakeholders in the wider community.

Sir, the increasing number of arts activities is a good reflection of the vibrancy of our arts scene and the creativity of our artists. Arts events, whether it is an exhibition or a performance, are necessary for artists to communicate with their audience and to share their artistic thoughts and inspiration.

I agree with Miss Penny Low that quantity does not equate quality. In the case of the arts, quality is as important, if not more important, than quantity. What is significant is that along with increasing arts events and participation, there is also better appreciation of the arts. For instance, every weekend and public holiday, we can find many Singaporeans of all ages attending public performances at the Esplanade. The National Heritage Board's (NHB) Explore Singapore and Singapore HeritageFest attract people from all walks of life to our museums and heritage institutions around the island.

In our HDB heartlands, the arts are now a regular part of community life through the lessons, performances and activities that are organised by the CDCs, the community clubs and supported by the National Arts Council (NAC). These community arts events feature art forms as diverse as hip hop dance and traditional musical instruments.

Over the last 10 years, the National Arts Council surveys showed that the number of Singaporeans who participated in at least one arts and cultural event a year had increased threefold, from one in 10 in 1996, to one in three today.

Today, more Singaporeans are attending arts and cultural events. Ticketed attendances passed the one million mark in 2002 and reached 1.3 million attendances last year. The annual number of visitors to all museums in 2007 was over four million, with about 1.7 million visitors visiting the National Heritage Board museums. These numbers indicate that the arts performances and exhibitions were of high quality and were succeeding to connect with the audience. If not, I think we would be hard put to attract a growing audience.

This increase in arts groups and arts activities naturally leads to calls for more Government support for the arts. For instance, Mr Chan Soo Sen's very eloquent call for a National Arts Fund for Government to support the arts through co-funding of events. Let me say that MICA adopts a variety of support measures, including financial support for the developing arts sector.

Sir, the RCP funded 50% of the grants given out by the National Arts Council. For example, in the year 2007, over 550 recipients benefited from the disbursement of $7.85 million in grants, scholarships and training bursaries. This is an increase of 20% from the amount disbursed to 468 recipients in the year 2004.

Equally important is the commissioning of new works. For instance, NAC regularly commissions new works for the Singapore Arts Festival. Some of these are subsequently performed overseas to international audiences. One example is a work called Optical Identity. This is a performance featuring the T'ang Quartet and the UK's Theatre Cryptic. This work premiered at the Singapore Arts Festival last year, after which it went on to perform at the Edinburgh International Festival, the Alicante International Music Festival, and a tour in Scotland for even more performances.

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Sir, NAC’s arts housing scheme also provides workspace to over 96 artists and arts groups for their operational, studio and rehearsal needs. The scheme currently provides arts housing with rental subsidy of over $3 million per year.

Sir, we are always sympathetic to the needs of artists and the arts community. We will work within our resources to ensure support for deserving initiatives.

Mr Zaqy Mohamad commented that despite all these programmes, the perception from the industry is that we have not created world-class talents and productions, nor generated sufficient demand for them.

While it is true that we have yet to witness the emergence of sustainable creative arts businesses, we should not despair. It is a long journey and we are making good progress. We can take pride in our flagship companies and artists who fly the Singapore flag on the international stage.

During last year’s Singapore Season in China, the Singapore Symphony Orchestra, Singapore Chinese Orchestra, Singapore Dance Theatre, the presence and the participation of Dramabox, a theatre company, as well as showcasing of prominent visual and literary artists such as You Jin, Isa Kamari, Wong Keen, Goh Beng Kwan and the late Chen Wen Hsi – all these works and performances were very warmly received by the Chinese audience.

Another example I want to give about Singaporeans who have made it to the international stage is young musician Darrell Ang. Darrell received an NAC’s Arts Bursary to pursue his postgraduate diploma at the St. Petersburg State Conservatory. Darrell went on to achieve the top prize at the prestigious 2006 Antonio Pedrotti International Competition for Conductors. Today, he is the co-founder and associate conductor of the St Petersburg Chamber Philharmonic.

Sir, we are also seeing more invitations to Singapore artists from overseas. Last year, Jason Wee, Jason Lim, Heman Chong and Matthew Quek won residency stints and competitions in Germany, China, Korea, and Italy.

Musicians such as Cultural Medallion recipient Jeremy Monteiro, The Observatory and the T’ang Quartet performed in venues and festivals in New York, Seoul and Edinburgh.

Similarly, in theatre, groups such as The Theatre Practice, Theatreworks and The Finger Players staged successful performances in Australia, Japan, China, Spain and Italy.

In areas where there is strong commercial potential, partnerships with private sectors such as galleries, music producers and publishers have also borne fruit.

For example, NAC collaborated with the Composers and Authors Society of Singapore (COMPASS) to promote our music talents and products at MIDEM (the Marché international de l'édition musicale), which is the world’s largest music trade fair, held in Cannes, France. Arising from this, Singapore music company Ocean Butterflies International will be collaborating with London-based Ricall, a leading online music distributor.

Sir, Singapore has also become a desirable performance and exhibition stop in Asia. Whether it is a major orchestra or a world-class museum collection’s Asian tour, Singapore is today a sought after destination.

The current exhibition of Greek sculptures at the National Museum is one example. That the Louvre is prepared to lend to our National Museum such exquisite and precious works from their collection, is a testament to the quality, capability and professionalism of our National Museum.

Sir, these are healthy signs that our arts institutions and artists are achieving some success and recognition from the international arts circle. We hope that in the years ahead more will achieve international acclaim. So at the same time when the world comes to Singapore as during the F1 this year and the Youth Olympic in 2010, we will also be showcasing Singapore art and artist to provide our visitors with a more engaging and a more memorable experience.

Do these milestones mean that we have succeeded in realising our vision of Singapore as a global city for the arts? The answer is that while we have made significant progress, there is still much to do before Singapore reaches the top tier of the global cities.

Our continued efforts under the Renaissance City Plan is a must in order to transform Singapore into a successful global city for the arts.

Sir, I am pleased to inform this House that MICA will allocate $115 million over the next five years, or $23 million per year, to implement the next phase of the Renaissance City Plan in partnership with the private and the people sectors. This is 50% or $7 million more each year compared to the current allocation for RCP2.

RCP3 will continue the work of broadening our audience base and talent pool, and internationalising our artists and arts companies. In addition, RCP3 will focus additional funding on three key areas – content creation, sustainable arts ecosystem and community engagement.

Sir, I will elaborate on these strategies in my response to Members.

Mr Chan Soo Sen spoke about the need for Singapore to evolve works of art that will reflect our multicultural heritage and society. I agree with him completely. We must draw on our diversity of arts talents to create new and inspiring works which truly reflect our multicultural roots.

This year, the National Arts Council will introduce a Commissioning Fund with about $700,000 to build up a body of scripts, stories, poetry, musical and dance compositions that reflect our distinctive multicultural identity as well as our Asian and contemporary context.

NAC will also set aside more than $1 million each year to introduce new capability development and residency programmes for artists and arts companies to participate in exchanges with overseas arts institutions and organisations. This will enable our artists and our arts companies to gain exposure and to also establish valuable network.

At the same time, NAC will continue to support artists and arts groups to draw on the deep artistic traditions of our cultural heritage by tapping on its Traditional Arts Fund which stands at about half a million dollars per year.

Similarly, in the area of heritage, NHB will expand collaborations with regional and international museums to research and curate exhibitions that showcase both Singapore and the wider Asia to the world. NHB will open the Peranakan Museum in April this year and this museum will showcase the Peranakan culture and how our Peranakan culture has established links with the regional culture of similar origins.

Sir, Mr Chan Soo Sen suggested that the Government build up a collection of artworks of our pioneer artists in order to inspire future generation of artists.

Sir, over the years, we have collected and also received donations of important Singapore art works, including those by our pioneer artists. Among the current collection of about 7,500 art works, some 4,000 are by our Singapore’s pioneer artists, including those by Chen Wen Hsi, Liu Kang, Georgette Chen, and Chen Chong Swee. The National Art Gallery, which is a project under development, will be the future home to proudly showcase these great works and many others.

Sir, I should also add that besides showcasing our national or our pioneer artists, the National Art Gallery (NAG) will also focus on researching and presenting important art works from Southeast Asia, and hosting major exhibitions from Asia and beyond.

On the NAG, I am happy to update this House that MICA’s evaluation of the three winning designs selected by the International Jury is close to completion. MICA will soon appoint the successful architectural team for the project. However, we will time the construction to ensure that it does not aggravate the already high demand for construction works. We expect that the Gallery will open its doors to the public around 2013.

Sir, next, I will touch on the second strategy under the RCP3, which is to develop a vibrant ecosystem for supporting professions, enterprises and activities to ensure the sustainability of our arts and cultural sector.

As Mr Zaqy Mohamed has highlighted, our artists and arts groups need to have viable careers and sustainable practices.

This is possible only if we have a vibrant eco-system with many supporting industries, professionals and private intermediaries producing, presenting, distributing and marketing our artistic and cultural content, services and talents. We need this complete value chain to transform an inspiring artistic idea into an appreciated and valuable product for audiences and patrons at home and abroad.

NAC will establish an Arts Business Framework comprising start-ups and co-investment schemes targeted at commercial art galleries, artist management, festival management, arts tourism, books and music publishing, arts education services and arts consultancies. NAC will put in more than $700,000 a year for this Framework.

NAC will also expand its support for the participation of Singapore arts businesses at major regional and international markets such as MIDEM, which I have mentioned earlier, and the Frankfurt Book Fair and regional art fairs.

At this juncture, I would like to respond to Mr Zaqy's comment on Malay films and co-production. I agree with his approach. MICA and MDA are already encouraging our film-makers and production houses such as Raintree Pictures to explore co-production with companies in Malaysia and Indonesia. We believe this is the way forward to develop and to grow our Malay film production sector. Because through such partnership and co-production, we can revive the Malay film industry and also reach out to new markets.

Sir, last year, NHB piloted an assistance scheme called the Heritage Industry Incentive Programme. One example of how it works is NHB’s assistance to U1 Tours to develop their Chinese and English guidebooks on heritage for tourist guides, tour operators, taxi drivers and hotel concierges to promote our heritage and museums to both foreign visitors and also to Singaporeans.

Sir, under RCP3, NHB will set aside $2 million a year to expand this Heritage Industry Incentive Programme. It will provide assistance in two broad areas. First, NHB will develop capabilities and professionals for important aspects of heritage work – such as research, conservation and curation. Next, it will support the development of new cultural tourism services, resources, exhibitions and programmes to reach out to a wider market.

Sir, Mr Baey Yam Keng called for monetary incentives for artists who had won regional or international awards as we do for sports talent. Miss Penny Low suggested awards to recognise the diverse achievements and the vibrancy of the arts scene.

I agree with the spirit of both suggestions. Recognising the achievements of our artists has been an integral component of NAC’s talent development strategy. Outstanding arts practitioners should receive recognition and respect for their work.

Sir, currently, we do so through the Cultural Medallion which is conferred by the President, and the Young Artist Award. The recipients of the Cultural Medallion and the Young Artist Award are entitled to apply for grants. In the case of the Cultural Medallion recipients, they can apply for grant of up to $80,000. For the Young Artist Award, the grant is about $10,000.

But these grants should not be seen as strict monetary rewards for their achievements. The work of an artist is a labour of love and passion carried out over an entire lifetime. Our aim is to support artists to build up sustainable artistic careers throughout their lives. The Cultural Medallion and the Young Artist Award grants are an important part of NAC’s larger talent development framework, including scholarships, bursaries, and the many other arts grant schemes. Nevertheless, I will ask NAC to consider new ways of publicising and applauding our artists who have won international recognition or awards that are of high standing.

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On Miss Penny Low's suggestion to expand recognition for the arts, we should remember that the Government is not the only source of such recognition. The annual Straits Times Life! Theatre Award is a commendable initiative by the corporate sector to honour successful artists. This Award recognises not just actors and actresses but also includes directors, script writers and set designers. We will encourage SPH to grow the scope of this Award and also invite more private sector initiatives for similar recognition to our artists.

Miss Penny Low asked for an update on the School of the Arts, or SOTA. Sir, I am pleased to inform the House that the School of the Arts opened in January this year at the interim site at Goodman Road with 138 Year 1 students and 99 Year 2 students.

SOTA had received an overwhelming response from more than 1,000 students who had auditioned for places. The Ngee Ann Kongsi had generously donated $12 million over six years to support scholarship and bursaries for deserving students at SOTA. This will ensure that every deserving student can get to study at SOTA regardless of his or her family circumstances. Meanwhile, the construction of the permanent school campus at Kirk Terrace is going on. Despite the initial delays, we now expect the permanent campus to be ready by late 2009.

Sir, in response to Mr Chan Soo Sen, I would like to assure him that SOTA is indeed offering a multi-cultural arts education to our young talent.

Sir, MICA and our agencies will also continue to identify opportunities for Singapore's arts and cultural ecosystem to be plugged into international arts network. UNESCO is one such international network. Following Singapore's rejoining of UNESCO in October 2007, MICA has taken leadership of Singapore's Sub-commission on Culture and Information.

In response to Dr Fatimah Lateef's question, MICA will explore how UNESCO can be an additional avenue for our arts practitioners to learn from the world's best. Singapore will also be able to share our experiences in promoting our multi-cultural heritage to the world with programmes such as NHB's annual International Museum Day and our community heritage trails.

At this juncture, I would like to respond to Ms Irene Ng's remarks on the Complaint Choir. I note that Ms Irene Ng was not too exercised about the rejection of foreigners' involvement in the Complaint Choir. As I had explained to this House at the previous sitting, the objection in this case was on account of the nature of the performances, namely, we objected to the idea of foreigners coming here to organise and lead Singaporeans to complain about our domestic issues. This is something best left to Singaporeans to do. Although in this particular application, the lyrics themselves were not objectionable, we have to look at the application in totality. We did not think it was desirable or good precedent for foreigners to take such lead. They had also applied to perform at the Speakers' Corner which was clearly not permitted.

Nevertheless, I would like to assure Ms Irene Ng and the House that MICA encourages our artists to collaborate with foreign artists and arts companies. Hence, we support our artists for overseas residency programme. We support co-productions in traditional art, drama, dance, musical, operas and many, many other arts events.

We are open to international artistic influences and recognise the benefits of working with international artists. The Complaint Choir was an exception to the rule and not a precedent for foreigners' participation in the arts in Singapore. In general, we consider such applications favourably.

Sir, Dr Fatimah Lateef's question on connecting the arts to the community is addressed by the third strategy in the RCP3 which focuses on the important role of arts and culture in connecting Singaporeans, strengthening community bonding and instilling a sense of national pride.

In recent years, MICA and our agencies have initiated many new community outreach projects. In fact, NAC and NHB are currently allocating about $4.5 million per year for such activities. For example, NAC partnered the People's Association and the CDCs to stage six District Arts Festivals in 2006 and 2007. These District Arts Festivals provided enjoyment and entertainment for our heartlanders – our aunties and uncles in our HDB estates. More importantly, such Festivals help to bring people together to celebrate and embrace the arts as an essential part of our community life and contribute to social bonding. Going forward, we aim to bring about more active, community initiated events as well as deeper engagement and ownership of the arts and culture among Singaporeans.

Sir, NAC will dedicate additional support of almost $1 million each year to launch Arts For All under the Community Arts Engagement Plan with CDCs to enhance arts outreach in the heartlands. NAC will also introduce a new Community Participation Grant to encourage more community-initiated arts projects and participation. It will also work with homes for the elderly, hospitals and prisons to connect these people with the arts.

At the same time, the National Library Board will continue to reach out to needy children from low-income families and work with more schools and special needs groups through the KidsREAD and Library2010 Active Citizenry Programmes.

Sir, our heritage is also an important aspect of community life and identity. Dr Ong Seh Hong asked about our efforts to preserve and promote our diverse cultural heritage. I would like to assure Dr Ong that NHB would do more with community groups and citizens to preserve and promote our heritage through heritage and community trails, tours and publications. In fact, in areas like traditional practices and food items, these have always featured in our annual heritage festival, attracting lots of Singaporeans to such events.

Sir, NHB's approach to enabling community involvement has been well received. For example, there was a remarkable grassroots support for the Ten Stories: Queenstown through the Years project to document the transformation of Queenstown into Singapore's first highrise housing estate. Many residents came forward on their own to provide stories, photographs and memories of their neighbourhood which subsequently went into the book.

Similarly, students from the National Junior College displayed a keen interest in heritage when they worked with NHB on the Bukit Timah Community Trail.

I note Dr Fatimah Lateef's request for more publicity for Geylang. I thought Geylang is one part of Singapore that requires the least publicity by Government. It is already quite well known. Nevertheless, I support her suggestion to look at the heritage potential of Geylang. One possibility is to explore how community-led heritage trail could be created to promote the district's unique cultural mix. In fact, one of the tours organised as part of the NHB's HeritageFest last year successfully showcased Geylang's galleries and artist studios, good food and temples. I think we can build on this experience and develop more of this heritage trail and focus more attention on the cultural aspects of Geylang.

Sir, last but not least, the arts and heritage offer us valuable platforms to build up a sense of shared responsibility and ownership in Singapore's culture. Mr Chan Soo Sen spoke of encouraging more participation in supporting the arts and Mr Baey Yam Keng also spoke about encouraging private sector to donate or to contribute to public art works.

I support their calls and would like to inform the House that there is a growing trend of corporate and individuals coming to support the arts and culture. ExxonMobile supported the Concert in the Park series. HSBC funded the Youth Excellence Initiative. Business Times initiated the Budding Artists Fund. The Asia-Pacific Breweries Foundation launched its Signature Art Prize series and Arts Inspire Programme. These and many others are fine examples of the corporate sector's growing support for the arts.

In financial year 2006, about $37 million in sponsorship was received for the arts and culture. Arts collectors who have invested their time and resources to build up the collection of artworks and artefacts have also stepped forward to share their collections with the public. Between 2004 and 2006, NHB reported the total value of $118 million in loans and donations of artefacts and artworks to the National Museums.

More recently, the Oei Hong Leong Foundation announced its plans to build a multi-million dollar private museum to showcase rare and historical Buddhist artefacts from around the world. NHB is providing assistance to the Foundation in this important act of cultural philanthropy.

To promote public art, NHB and NAC have introduced Public Art Tax Incentive Scheme, or PATIS, which is a double tax deduction scheme to encourage private and people sectors to donate, commission, display and maintain sculptures and other forms of public art. The "Reed Sculpture" by City Development Pte Ltd and the artworks by Ascendas (Tuas) Pte Ltd at Biopolis are two examples of artworks supported under the scheme. We can look forward to more public artworks at the upcoming Circle Line at the Marina Barrage. We will continue to look at this incentive scheme to see how we can improve and refine on it to attract even more contributors and donors to this public artwork scheme.

In conclusion, Sir, Renaissance City's Plan, with its focus on content, sustainability and community, will provide much needed boost to artists and arts companies as well as to the arts and heritage-related business sector. I have given a brief overview of the key programme under RCP3. Over the next few months, MICA, together with its agencies, will be providing more details on these new schemes and programmes as they are launched.

Sir, we will build a strong partnership with the people and the private sectors to enrich the lives of Singaporeans to foster an inclusive and resilient society, and strengthen our community bonds and rootedness. There is much to do to bring Singapore to the top tier of the world's global cities and we will press on.

Information Communication Technology (ICT)

Sir, it is laudable that since 1981, Singapore has implemented successive infocomm technology (ICT) national masterplans to keep our economy competitive and the community connected. Our e-Government was once the most advanced system in the world, but fell behind others in the last few years. Can the Minister provide an update of our efforts to upgrade our e-Government platform, and the recently awarded $1.3 billion SOEasy – I suppose it is complex – what the system seeks to do, as well as the status of our iN2015 plan?

Sir, the ICT super highway without road users would be a white elephant. It has been repeatedly noted that our SMEs have not been smitten by the ICT bug. The lack of knowledge, inertia, manpower and costs are reasons for the low adoption rate. As such, SMEs are fast losing its local market share.

Can the Minister enlighten us on the measures to promote ICT to SMEs? Will there be innovative low cost utility models to help SMEs experiment with business packages that directly enhance their business profitability?

Sir, we need also to move up the value creation chain of ICT business activities, instead of racing ourselves down the ICT value ladder with installation of servicing or marketing works which are easily replicable and compete mainly on price. We need to track a steady progress in year-on-year growth of any particular sector that does not measure the J-curve required in "getting to the next level" and "sell" Singapore to the next generation of value-add businesses. It is noteworthy that although we have some of the largest ICT companies in the world, most are just sales offices with little or no R&D services. Perhaps we need to relook at our business strategy and distinguish high-end activities from easily replicable ones.

Last, but most pressing, ICT is more affordable and accessible than ever before. Yet the income and technological gaps are getting wider. Can MICA assure Singaporeans that it will spare no effort at leveraging on ICT to help all segments of our population to level up? Can the Minister give us concrete examples of its effort in ensuring that the disabled, the elderly, the less advantaged and homemakers are being integrated into the ICT world, so that they too can enjoy the progress and become a contributing element in the society? In short, does MICA have any concrete plan or strategy to leverage on ICT to help build a resilient, self-reliant and inclusive society?

The War for Talent and Quality of Jobs Created in the ICT Sector

Sir, I promise to try to give the translators an easier time this time. Today, the ICT sector in Singapore faces increased competition from multi-service Asian firms and low-cost talents. We need to up our gear to develop a high-value industry that is able to leverage on high-skilled local and global talents, because competition at the low end will hamper the development of our local workforce.

I would like to know, from MICA's view, after years of trying to develop the ICT sector, have we developed the sector sufficiently in the right areas and what are some of these indicators? Despite many years of IDA's efforts to develop the ICT industry, it seems that most of our ICT companies are not providing high-value add to the economy, with many in the maintenance and low-margin service segments.

If we benchmarked our top ICT businesses, they are nowhere near world-class icons such as Singapore Airlines, NOL or Capitaland in the other sectors. What are the Government's plans to create more high-value technology firms or software companies?

The Government has been generous to support our ICT companies to co-own the intellectual property for systems built for the Government sector. In theory, these intellectual properties produced are some of the most commercially viable, as our e-Government infrastructure is among the most advanced in the world. Does MICA have a point of view about why our local businesses have not been able to exploit this concession?

Today, local ICT professionals face competition from low-end to high-end jobs. As industries develop and rely on IT, more skilled ICT professionals are needed than the current 140,000 and we need to ensure that top talents stay here. How does MICA rate our success today, in terms of R&D and performance in the ICT sector, in order to attract investments and world-class talents?

In terms of talent, there is certainly a lot of feedback from the ICT industry that the quality of local talents is declining.

We seem to be losing our engineering capability because our best and brightest are going to "softer" sectors, such as banking, finance, business and sales. It does not take the best and brightest much to realise where the money is, given the regular publicity the media gives on high salaries and bonuses elsewhere. What is the Government doing to address this to ensure that Singapore continues to have a strong engineering talent pool to support our ICT and high technology sectors?

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Innovation and R&D capabilities are often built in economies with strong engineering cultures, and I believe we need to do more to promote engineering as a choice career and promote more attractive salary compensation packages.

My final questions relate to the SOEasy tender that was awarded yesterday. Miss Penny Low covered some of this. With the award of the SOE tender, what is MICA's latest projection of savings as a result of this tender and have there been changes to the budget estimates since the tender was first released last year? Where does MICA expect the savings to come from? With $1.3 billion worth of services and infrastructure being outsourced, what is the impact on civil servants currently performing the roles being outsourced? I understand that one of the objectives for this outsourcing is for them to move to higher value-added roles. So what are MICA's plans for them?

Finally, what are the potential risks that MICA sees the Government facing with this $1.3 billion undertaking? Does MICA have a plan if the outsourcing project does not meet the objectives, either due to internal or external factors?

Sir, I thank Miss Penny Low and Mr Zaqy Mohamad for some very relevant and apt comments and advice.

Let me first start by saying that the infocomm sector has seen good growth. For 2007, our preliminary estimates indicate growth of between 6% and 8% in value-add was achieved and, in terms of total revenues, we saw growth of between 7% and 10%. These are reasonable indices of progress.

Let me update the House on the status of the iN2015 master plan.

Infrastructure-wise, we have completed the roll-out of the Wireless@SG programme. Members will remember that this is a pervasive public wireless network consisting of 6,900 hotspots distributed island-wide in public areas. As far as the Next Generation National Broadband Network project is concerned, the Request for Proposal (RFP) is underway and we target to award the first RFP by the third quarter of this year.

The various cluster development programmes under the master plan include things such as FutureSchools@Singapore, iGov2010, TradeXchange and Integrated Clinic Management System. All these cluster development programmes are underway and making good progress.

Specifically, on the e-Government programme, we are achieving a greater integration of Government e-services under the iGov2010 plan. Members will also remember that last week we announced 150 Government services will be available online through the mobile phone. The main Government website www.gov.sg will be transformed in order to meet the increasingly sophisticated demands of our people. So you will see improvements in this package of services and products at the interface between Government and people.

I agree with Miss Penny Low and Mr Zaqy Mohamad that for our local infocomm industry to flourish, the key ingredient is talent. The IDA’s 2007 Annual Infocomm Manpower Survey showed that the infocomm manpower pool grew by 8.9% between 2006 and 2007. We now have approximately 130,400 people in this sector. More than 80% of these people are tertiary-educated.

But we really need to develop a full complement of infocomm manpower that stretches the entire spectrum from maintenance all the way to high-end cutting-edge research and development. To achieve this, the key is to attract and retain top talent in this sector and to make sure that this talent continues to have up-to-date and relevant skills, because this is such a quickly progressing sector.

. IDA will be increasing the pool of scholars in this sector through the National Infocomm Scholarships Programme. These scholarships are offered in partnership with companies from the private sector, and these include companies in diverse range of sectors, including banking, finance, telecoms, media, etc. Scholars of the National Infocomm Scholarship Programme are assured of a wide selection of exciting job prospects when they graduate. Since the launch of this programme in 2004, we have attracted a total of 107 top students. In the next few years, we will increase the number of scholarships available.

IDA is also working with local universities as well as companies to roll out the Enhanced Learning in Infocomm Technology Programme. This is a programme which targets the top 20% of students in NUS, NTU and SMU. They will have an opportunity to be mentored by key industry leaders, they will be exposed to project work as well as internships, both locally and overseas, and they will also receive training in new technology areas. This is to make sure that top talent is excited, stimulated and sees that there are real prospects for interesting challenges in the years ahead. And that addresses the Member's point about keeping top talent within this sector.

The National Infocomm Competency Framework (NICF) was initiated last year. This is a framework which will help professionals upgrade and equip themselves with relevant skill sets which we anticipate will be in high demand in the future. A new NICF portal will be launched by the end of this month. The portal will enable users to assess manpower capability gaps, develop career development plans, as well as to identify relevant training programmes.

Complementing this framework is the Techno-Strategist Programme, which aims to equip some 1,000 middle-tier infocomm professionals with deeper domain knowledge specifically in the following three sectors:

Healthcare;

Finance; and

Banking.

Why did we choose these three sectors? Because we believe these are sectors with significant growth prospects in the years ahead. Obviously, as we identify other sectors, we will also expand this programme accordingly. Over the next five years, IDA will be investing a further $70 million into these infocomm manpower development programmes. So the resources are available.

Besides addressing talent, IDA and MDA will work with other Government agencies, including the EDB, to continue to attract high-value ICT activities and research and development to Singapore. We will also be increasing our assistance to local start-ups so that they will be able to both create and market their IP both locally and internationally.

Miss Penny Low also asked how we are helping SMEs adopt infocomm technology. Let me just highlight three programmes.

The first is the SME Infocomm Resource Centre@Singapore Polytechnic. This provides SMEs with consultancy services at very low rates. I understand that the lowest charge is $5 for consultancy service.

The second example is the SME Domain-Name Reservation service. When a local company registers its name with ACRA, it is also given an option for free reservation of its domain name. It has three months to decide. If it wishes to, register that domain name and, if it wishes to, we offer it at a subsidised rate initially.

The third example is the SME Infocomm Package which, by May this year, will offer infocomm service and support packages from a list of pre-qualified suppliers. This is a scheme which will enable SMEs to reap cost savings or, as Miss Penny Low referred to, as almost a utility model when they invest in basic infocomm equipment and services. To add a further sweetener, the IDA will also co-fund the first 5,000 SMEs which take advantage of these packages. So, again, the point is, resources are available, we can bring the horse to the water, but we cannot force it to drink.

Miss Penny Low was also quite rightly concerned about a potential digital divide. The good news is that we are aware of this and we do not intend to let a digital divide exist in Singapore. In the next five years, we will invest $43 million into these efforts. Let me give you a few examples.

The IDA will accelerate its enhanced NEU-PC Plus programme. This is a programme which was launched in 2006 which provides highly-subsidised personal computers and Internet access to low-income families. If I may add, it is broadband Internet access for these low-income families. To date, some 4,200 families have already taken advantage of this programme. In total, we are aiming for 38,000 families to benefit from this programme by 2015. Last year, the IDA also set up the iNSPIRE Fund which will allow needy students to perform community service in lieu of co-payment. So, in theory, some families can get this for a princely sum of $0.

I launched the first Silver Infocomm Junction last year in November. This is a centre targeted at senior citizens so that they will get exposure and access to personal computers and the Internet. The IDA will be setting up another seven centres in the heartlands by 2010. IDA will also work with MCYS and the Society for the Physically Disabled to launch the Infocomm Accessibility Centre in the middle of this year, and this will provide infocomm skills training to the disabled so that they can enhance their employability and stay connected.

To ensure that there is convenient online access to Government services, there are also 28 CitizenConnect Centres around Singapore with trained officers on hand to render assistance to those who currently do not have computer access or need someone to hold their hand as they click on the mouse.

Yesterday, we announced the results of the tender for the Government Standard Operating Environment. This is a $1.3 billion project over eight years and we estimate that it will save the Government around $500 million over the next eight years. These savings are derived principally from economies of scale, standardisation, the ease of deployment and the ease of maintenance that results from the standardised operating environment.

I take the point that we are also aware of risks. We are outsourcing such a large chunk of Government IT infrastructure to the private sector. We have taken adequate precautions. For example, we will ensure that for every essential component of this project, there are at least two suppliers within that consortium who can provide the essential component.

Operationally, we also intend to make sure that at least 30% of the people involved with this project are civil servants or people within our statutory boards. They will be integrated, embedded into the manpower manning this project so that we are never held hostage to any company or consortia or sub-consortia within this project.

We will also have internal audit teams to maintain security and resiliency of the system. It also gives us an opportunity therefore to upskill and retask our existing IT manpower into higher-value and more significant jobs.

So, all in all, our infocomm sector is doing well and growing. We are making resources available. There are great opportunities. Both in the private sector and in the Government sector, there are greater efficiencies and, we will also make sure, no digital divides emerge.

Design and Creative Singapore

Sir, from San Francisco to Shanghai, cities across the world are competing to be creative hubs. Where is Singapore in this race and where do we see ourselves in three years' time? Could the Minister also give an update on:

The value-add per creative worker vis-a-vis the national average;

Creative industries development strategy which includes the MediaFusion2015, the Creative Community 2.0 and the Design Strategy 2.0;

Its plan on attracting top creative talents to be based in Singapore. Talents attract talents and the best attracts the best. Have we identified such talents or successfully gotten them to move to Singapore, as the bio-tech sector did? If yes, how did we do it and, if not, why not?

Last but not least, the ability to identify industry needs and matching them is a critical linking pin in the creative industry. Currently, while our designer and creative sector tend to work in silos, the product and service engineering sectors are also not leveraging on design to move up the value chain. Perhaps, the right and left brains do not share the same language or focus. But we all know a whole-of-brain approach will create the highest value and most enjoyable product. The story of MP3 players vs Apple ipods is a case in point. Lack of a Steve Job, I am wondering if MICA has set up any specific agency whose function is purely to scout for industry needs to be matched with suitable designers, and vice versa, to ensure greater value creation per product and service?

Promoting Good Design and Quality of Jobs Created in the ICT Sector

1.30 pm

Sir, to promote a culture of design, the public must appreciate good design. One of the ways is to expose the public to good design. The most effective way is to have good design in our public areas. As the largest investor in public amenities, the Government can make the greatest impact on public design quotient.

While MICA promotes enterprises to leverage on design as a competitive edge, does the Ministry also advocate that basic aesthetical standards are met during the Government procurement processes and how so?

Besides functionality and ease of use, aesthetics should also be considered. For example, public amenities, such as our taxi stands, post boxes, litter bins, ERP gantries and even the humble tables and benches in the HDB void deck, can literally be works of art.

Good design does not necessarily mean higher costs or come at the expense of usability. Sometimes, it is just a matter of choice with an eye for aesthetics. For example, the facade of the old Hill Street police station, now the MICA Building, was immediately transformed with the choice of rainbow colours for its many windows. Another good design I have noticed are the street lamps along Esplanade Bridge. I would like to encourage people to pay special attention and enjoy the beauty.

As Singapore becomes more international with big events and we welcome more tourists to Singapore, good designs will also showcase our urban landscape.

Media

Sir, the existence of a strong innovative and diversified media content can drive creativity and adoption of ICT in schools, at work, at home and at play. With Wireless@SG, the promise of being connected "anytime, anywhere" is fast becoming a reality.

Currently, while e-Government content is strong, the rest are not. Locally produced content, e-learning, e-entertainment and, in particular, e-retail and e-businesses, lag far behind that of our US or even Korea and Japan counterparts.

As such, our youths are turning to foreign sites to get information and shape their mindset. My niece, Nowell Quah, for example, is a "spree organiser". That is a term used by e-networks to represent a product aggregator who does it not for profit. In short, she surfs the web for products which are of interest to her, sets up a post with product link, invites surfers to place orders through the web link, while she merely aggregates the demand to place a bulk purchase order which results in lower freight cost and product cost. She has been doing so for a couple of years and, in fact, does most of her shopping this way. The local retailers are losing out on her business. She is a seasoned spree organiser at only 17 years old. What will happen to our local retail businesses? Will our expensive ICT infrastructure, void of local content, become exploited by foreign content and under-utilised to grow our economic pie?

Can MICA provide an update on the achievements of its Media21 blueprint and its efforts to develop the media sector? Also, which aspects of media industry has MICA focused its efforts on, ie, is it content distribution, media services, such as digital IP management, etc? Has there been a significant growth in creation and sales of local media content? Do we have the right quantity and quality of manpower to grow? What are our strengths and where are the employment opportunities?

Finally, can MICA also provide an update on the progress of its Interactive Digital Media (IDM) initiatives?

Dr Fatimah, take your two cuts together. 1.5 minutes.

National Book Development Council and Literary Arts

The literary arts appear to have less visibility compared to some other areas of the arts. The National Book Development Council of Singapore has received grants under the MICA budget. It has utilised part of its funds to set up the Singapore Writers Centre and publish the resource kit for writers. I would like to enquire what are the opportunities and options this can offer to the budding writers in Singapore. How many publications do we get annually? What is the language breakdown for the publications? What are the plans that the Ministry has to uplift this area of the literary arts to give it enhanced recognition?

Creative Entrepreneur Development Programme

The Creative Entrepreneur Development programme will be introduced to develop the entrepreneurial capacity in Singapore. I hope to see more creative collaborations and unique tie-ups between companies in various sectors to maintain the industry's presence. What will its programme comprise of and what targets and impact can we expect from it? I would also like to suggest that they work with Creative Community Singapore to help nurture and harness the creative potential here as well as work together in areas, such as branding and co-branding, marketing and co-funding.

Sir, for 2005, which unfortunately is the most recent year for which we have official statistics, the value-add of the creative industries in Singapore grew by 8%. It reached a total value of $7.6 billion and therefore contributed about 3.9% to Singapore's GDP. From 2002 to 2005, the value-add per worker in the creative industries grew by 4.8% to reach approximately $75,000 in 2005. Unfortunately, this is lower than the Singapore average of $86,000 in that same year. So this shows that there is still much progress that needs to be achieved in this sector, as far as the creative capacity and the value-add of each worker is concerned. But having said that, the employment in the creative industries now amounts to slightly in excess of 100,000. That is 4.4% of total employment in Singapore. So, that is not an insignificant sector that we need to pay attention to.

Let me move on to the issue of design which several Members have referred to. The Design Competitiveness Report, which is based on data supplied by the World Economic Forum, showed that Singapore has improved from No. 22 in the year 2002 to No. 16 in 2005 – not yet in the top 10, but we are making progress. Singapore designers are also winning more international awards. For example, the NUS Industrial Design graduate, Mr Donn Koh, became the first Singaporean, indeed the first designer trained in Asia to win one of the world's most coveted design prizes – the International Braun Prize.

Mr Baey Yam Keng asked how the Government promotes good design in public amenities. I totally agree with him. I think we do need to pay attention to this element because, after all, that is what we see every day. I was just sharing a private joke with the Minister for Transport and I think he agrees with the Member that if we can make ERP gantries even more impactful from a design perspective, maybe people will be less angry with the Ministry. That may be wishful thinking.

I will give you another example. DesignSingapore has launched a nationwide programme called the "10TouchPoints" in which we were looking for public suggestions on how to redesign public amenities. I did not check whether any suggestions came in for ERP gantries but there were many other suggestions, including recycling bins, bus-stops and other examples. In fact, I believe the winning design was a creative redesign for recycling bins and you will soon see these at our Changi Airport.

Miss Penny Low asked a relevant question. She asked: have we set up any agencies specifically to match companies with designers? DesignSingapore's initial focus was, first, to assemble a critical mass of talent in the design sector. And we sought to do that by developing both Singaporean designers as well as leading international designers. This was done through the DesignSingapore studio series which so far has seen Singapore designers working with international designers, such as Toshiyuki Kita, and exhibiting their products and networks at the Milan Fair. But I totally agree with the Member that our next step must be to encourage Singapore companies to integrate design into their products and to therefore work with our designers in order to create more compelling products. I think the example which she cited of MP3 players is the most apt example. Therefore, building both design capacity and embedding that design ability into our major industries will be our key priority as we move into the new DesignSingapore 2.0 blueprint, details of which we will release later this year.

Miss Penny Low also asked for an update on our media development efforts. MDA has spent time and resources in developing capabilities, grooming enterprises and cultivating demand. For example, last year, more than 5,000 media professionals and students received MDA-supported training in order to upgrade their skills. We will continue to attract experienced international media talents to Singapore as well.

I must also tell this House that Singapore companies are actually quite successfully co-producing TV programmes, animations and feature films with leading overseas partners. In fact, some 100 local media companies have participated in six key trade events, such as MIPTV, MIPCOM and the Cannes Film market last year, and they secured an estimated US$600 million in deals – not a bad start.

In the area of interactive and digital media, we are also attracting both international and local companies to engage in media R&D. As Members have pointed out, we need to go beyond just marketing, sales and distribution, but move up the value chain. And R&D represents the cutting edge of that value chain. In 2007, under a multi-agency initiative, 23 IDM R&D projects with an estimated business spending of $126 million were awarded. But these are long-term projects. It will take time for us to see whether they bear fruit.

Miss Low has also rightly pointed out that Singapore is a newcomer to this field and that there is a lot more that needs to be done. Details of our Singapore MediaFusion 2015 blueprint will be released later this year.

Dr Fatimah Lateef's question about the National Book Development Council (NBDC) and nurturing writers in Singapore is very timely. Under the Singapore Writers Centre initiative, the NBDC organises year-round activities, including courses, workshops featuring international writers, networking opportunities and the supporting resources. All these, together with festivals, such as the Singapore Writers Festival, have helped to boost the number of local titles published in Singapore by 6% in 2006 and that represents a total of more than 23,300 publications. I do not have the language breakdown. I will get my staff to give the Member that later on.

I just want to end by re-emphasising the point that this is still all about talent. Just last month, I visited Google. I found 26 Singaporeans working for Google – engineers – and they said, "We have joined this company where engineers are number one", and they think they are going to change the world by working in that company. And we need to do the same in Singapore – to give our top talent opportunities to change the world by fully utilising their potential and talent.

And the other point about this space in IDM and media is that it is such a quickly-changing field. The opportunities change from year to year. And the real opportunities lie at the interface of arts, business and technology. So it is no longer about right brain or left brain. It is no longer about artists and engineers. But our students need to have the capacity to transact and look for value and opportunities at these interstices. And, therefore, what we are doing now in our education system, in our support for the eco-system and for enterprises, I believe, will create many, many opportunities for our students and top talent in the future. So I am optimistic that this sector is set to lift off.

Prof. Thio, you have two cuts. Take them together, please. 4.5 minutes.

Regulation of New Media: Compliance with Internet Code of Practice

1.45 pm

Sir, as Media Development Authority licencees, all Internet service and content providers must use best efforts to ensure prohibited material under the Internet Code of Practice is not broadcast to Singapore consumers. As licensor and industry regulator, MDA is indirectly responsible for its licencees' online content. MDA advocates industry self-regulation, or not a hands-on monitor, MDA's light-touch approach cannot mean it is hands-off. If MDA's policy is to react to complaints about suspect content, are there well-known complaints channels individuals can use? What action is taken concerning code violations? Is the complainant kept informed? With MDA's assistance, the police deals with online statements which cause public harm and violate criminal law, like sedition. Conversely, online defamation may be considered a private matter although MDA, as gate-keeper, may bear complicity as licensor, owing a duty of care to protect individual reputation.

1.45 pm

While applicable Singapore law is violated, will MDA assist defamed persons by helping to identify the relevant ISP to research registry? There is a grey area or twilight zone between public and private law where online speech, not being criminal or recognise tort, wants legal regulation. Let us say a blogger angered by a controversial newspaper article written by an academic blog about this, calling the academic an idiot. Such name calling is just crass rude opinion. However, what if that blogger starts a website campaign urging others to flood the academic with abusive emails, and to write to the academic's employers calling for that person's dismissal? Is this not a conspiracy to incite harassment against an individual, a form of intentional cyber-nuisance? As regulator and licensor of the Internet communications space within its borders, should the state facilitate such online harassment?

The Internet can promote robust political debate. However, free speech is but the means to serve the ends of truth and democracy, rights entail responsibilities. If private parties misuse the Internet to destroy people whose views they dislike, this will kill free speech. Our shared commitment to democracy will be eroded if abusive online content goes unregulated. Such online views lacking social content or value may incite hatred or violence against the speaker. Such intimidation thwarts democratic debate. This is the Internet's dark side. I hope the Minister will consider the need to deter such anti-social attacks to prevent harassing malicious public online speech from undermining the Internet as a free and fair communications medium.

Regulating Old Media: TV

My next cut, Sir. The Government has an interest in upholding public morality and decency in broadcasting, which shapes social values for good or ill. Old media, like free-to-air TV, attract more stringent safeguards to ensure programmes do not stray from accepted community norms given its broad reach into almost all homes. MDA's free-to-air TV programme code manifests concern with safeguarding community morality. Social resilience and democracy depends on this. With globalisation, correct common norms of decency are needed to ensure we remain discerning and not blindly embrace libertine values in the name of being cosmopolitan. How are breaches of TV programme codes handled? How does this differ from the light-touch approach to regulating new media? Does MDA actively monitor the content of TV programmes or merely react to third party complaints? Are there well-known formal avenues for citizens to raise concerns?

Last month, the Straits Times published an online letter by Mr Benny Cheok who expressed concern about a Channel 5 TV show screened at 8.00 am on Sunday and said, "depicted a gay married couple with their young adopted son as a family nucleus." This screening breaches the code's guideline on public morals and social values. It undermines the family's importance as a basic social unit, signalling that same sex parenting is acceptable. This contradicts our family values and conception of family where a man and woman marrying and having children is normative. Further, the code requires that themes concerning lifestyles like homosexuality be cautiously treated and not glamourised or endorsed.

The show was screened during prime viewing time, breaching guidelines on family viewing. Mr Cheok noted that young viewers would be left eroded by the absence of the opposite gender in the family nucleus. What steps has MDA taken to investigate and remedy Mr Cheok's complaint? Could the Minister elaborate on how to prevent similar future breaches and how to ensure industry players make greater use of consumer advice in airing sensitive content?

Dialects on TV and Radio

(In Mandarin ): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A *.] Sir, the movie "881" received overwhelming support by the people, because people liked the very strong local flavour and could find resonance with the Hokkien songs and dialect composition. In fact, dialect is not just the language for scolding or abusing each other; in fact, it is also an art, a culture, a heritage. "881" has represented Singapore in the Oscars award for Best Foreign Language Film, but it cannot be aired over our Channel 8 or Channel U. And even the popular Hokkien song, "Half for you, half for me" cannot be heard over our radio.

In 2003, the Programme Advisory Committee recommended for the restriction on dialect programmes on our mass media to be relaxed but MICA turned down the recommendation saying that it would affect the usage of Mandarin. In fact, in 2005, less than 3% of our Chinese population aged between five and 20 cited dialect as the most frequently used language at home. And even for those aged between 20-30, the figure was less than 14%. Honestly speaking, dialects cannot be resurrected as it was before in Singapore. It has very little impact on our learning of Mandarin. So, should we kill dialects and eradicate them? I think we should give them some breathing space.

Many of my elderly residents in Queenstown do not know Mandarin. Fortunately, I can speak Hokkien, Teochew and Cantonese. So, I can communicate with our older residents. Many of them cannot understand Government schemes, especially those designed to help them. They cannot understand because it was not explained to them in their own dialects or languages. Currently, we only allow short news bulletins in dialects on 95.8FM and Chinese opera programmes on TV. If we allow some informative or even entertainment programmes to use dialects, our senior citizens could have a better understanding of what is happening in Singapore. Now that our people are ageing and many of them are living longer, I think we should also provide for their enjoyment besides financial adequacy. With today’s technology, we could even broadcast Hong Kong drama serials in dual sound. When the Speak Mandarin Campaign was launched in 1979, the slogan was “Speak More Mandarin, Use Less Dialects” but with the changing environment, the slogan is now “Mandarin Cool”. I think Mandarin will continue to be cool, but dialects need not be frozen!

*Cols. 1585-1586.

TV and Radio Licences

Sir, in today's pervasive multi-media communication channels and Internet, it has become impossible for the Government to control all television and radio installations and broadcasting. Thus, the purpose of TV and radio licensing is obsolete and redundant. We should abolish the need to apply for radio and TV licence in Singapore. I understand the standard answer from the Ministry is that the proceeds from the licence fee is necessary to fund news reporting and community-based programmes. Sir, I do not agree that TV and radio users should pay for such public programmes. These programmes should instead be funded by the Government or through advertisements.

The collection of $12 TV and radio licence is tedious and not cost effective. Lots of public resources were used to recover the $12 arrears, and many court hours were used for prosecution. Sir, I urge the Government to abolish the licensing scheme for TV and radio.

Official Information

Sir, the Government collects and holds a lot of information. Yet, much, if not most, of that is unavailable, even to researchers for research purposes. The Government controls how much data to release, and how and when. Available data is sometimes presented differently at different times, making comparison difficult. Even MPs, it seems, are not able to obtain certain data. I know because I have asked for citizenship and PR figures in Parliament, but I have been told by MHA that it is "unable to provide this specific data requested." No reasons were cited. And it seems parliamentary convention permits this.

Meanwhile, we simply do not record some types of data. Most notably, when MOM tracks resident employment data, it does not differentiate between citizens and resident foreigners. I think most Singaporeans would consider that essential information if only to better understand how their country is changing. This Government fiercely prides itself on its transparency and accountability. I therefore ask the Government to be more proactive in collecting and publishing official statistics. Any official data that does not invoke national security or similar concerns should be made available. Indeed, I urge the Government to enact a Freedom of Information Act to set the rules under which Government information is made available to the public as of right.

In 1946, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution describing freedom of information as a fundamental human right. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which forms part of customary international law, explicitly provides for the right to seek and receive information. The right to information is therefore a fundamental human right. It is timely for Singapore to have its own Freedom of Information Act. Such legislation promotes transparency and accountability. It allows citizens to understand their governments better. It facilitates independent research. It enriches the history of the nation. Today, over 70 countries around the world have such legislation. Even China, a Communist state, is implementing a statute on access to government information. It will come into force on 1st May 2008. It is time for Singapore, as a developed country, to take its rightful place within that group of countries.

National Branding

Sir, the importance of a country's brand or reputation has emerged as an important economic competitive edge. Brands are not just a physical icon. They represent a country's value system, its reputation at home and overseas. Singapore is a good brand. The fact that we can travel visa-free to many countries, the fact that businesses welcome Singapore organisations, the fact that Singaporeans are in high demand in the corporate world, are testimony to our brand value. One may ask: What is Singapore's brand value worth? Stephen Anholt, a leading national brand specialist, put the value of the Singapore brand at US$106 billion, or 100% of 2004 GDP. Perhaps, in hindsight, it was our brand value that attracted the success bids of F1 Grand Prix, YOG, Volvo Yatch Race and other international events to Singapore.

I would like to ask the Minister for an update of our national branding strategy as well as how we are leveraging on our brand to promote our industries, artists and cultural heritage overseas? Equally important, a national brand must be supported by its citizens, beyond dollars and cents. A strong brand will have emotional attachment and, in this case, brand loyalty is extremely important to build national identity and commitment to make Singapore our home. For too long, our brand has been seen to be too clinical and dry, and void of a common heritage or destiny, as old heritage gives way to new artifacts. The current brain drain is in part due to the lack of a strong sense of common identity. Can the Minister enlighten us on how MICA intends to rebuild or strengthen our national brand, and ensure buy-ins from not just foreigners, but also our citizens?

Sir, the hon. Members have raised questions on the regulation of Singapore's media industry. Let me share with the House MICA's role in fostering a vibrant media industry to provide diverse and informed media content choices for the people, while safeguarding our social values and national interests.

First, I will address Prof. Thio Li-ann's question on the regulation of new media. We have adopted a pragmatic approach which emphasises public education, individual responsibility and industry self-regulation to complement a light touch regulatory framework. Under the MDA class licence scheme, Internet service and content providers are required to exercise discretion to ensure that their content complies with the class licence conditions and the Internet code of practice.

Prof. Thio wished to know if a person can make a complaint. The answer is yes. Anyone who comes across offensive content on the Internet can call or lodge a complaint via the MDA website. On average, MDA receives one to two such feedback each month.

As for matters relating to libel and personal defamation, these lay outside the scope of MDA class licence. However, existing laws that protect an individual's rights still apply. So these issues are best dealt with the existing legal and civil channels.

While everyone is free to express their views on their personal blogs, they should be mindful that they are still subjected to the laws of the land, such as the Penal Code and the Religious Harmony Act. Singapore's key vulnerabilities - the four kinds of race and religion remain and, in fact, are even more exposed to foreign influences in the form of religious extremism and terrorism reaching us through the new media. Hence, any individual in Singapore who uses websites for religious purposes has to register with MDA. This promotes accountability and also ensures personal responsibility for comments made on the Internet. We have had cases in the previous years where the law was breached, such as when racist bloggers blogged incendiary racist remarks, and we have not hesitated to prosecute them in court. Our controls have enabled the maintenance of our racial harmony in the face of sensitive material, such as the Danish cartoons. We will continue to be vigilant and to manage the risks brought about by new media, so as to ensure racial harmony amongst our people. However, with regard to the rest of the content in the Internet, we will continue to have a light-touch approach.

Let me now turn to the traditional media where we have adopted a differentiated approach based on reach and impact.

2.00 pm

Free-to-air TV, for example, has more stringent guidelines as it is a mainstream media that has wider reach and impact on the general public. By comparison, subscription TV, including cable and IPTV services, is given more leeway because its accessibility is restricted by subscription.

With regard to the enforcement of TV programme codes, I want to assure the House that television, especially free-to air channels, will uphold certain norms and standards consistent with traditional family values. I would like to address Prof. Thio Li-ann’s query on the steps taken to deal with channels that air programmes contrary to these values. Our current system is based largely on self-regulation by the broadcasters who are to comply with a set of programme codes. Hence, programmes are not pre-censored. If there is a complaint, an investigation is launched which includes consultations with the MDA's broadcast advisory committees.

With regard to the Straits Times' Forum page letter regarding a TV show, which Prof. Thio mentioned, which apparently showed a supposedly married gay couple who supposedly had an adopted child, we need to take a balanced view. The TV programme was a programme about home decoration and design. It featured a game room being converted into a nursery. There was no objection to the skills and talent of the designers or to the general entertainment value of the programme. The objection raised does not relate to the main features of the programme but to an incidental feature found in this one episode. The concern was that in the programme the people who were going to live in the redesigned home were two men and a child, not the usual man, woman and child. The viewer can extrapolate what the relationship of the two men may be and then from the extrapolation conclude that family values are not being upheld. As there is a complaint about the programme, MDA is investigating the matter in its usual manner. It will consult the Programme Advisory Committee for English programmes, or PACE, before making a decision if any guideline was breached.

In regulating the media, MICA adopts a flexible approach wherever possible. Take, for instance, our dialect policy. We do not ban the use of dialects on broadcast media outright. Where practical, we allow some dialect programming to serve the needs of older Singaporeans and the arts community.

In response to Mr Baey Yam Keng’s request for MICA to permit airing dialect content on TV and radio, I would like to point out that some dialect programmes are already available on radio, free-to-air TV and cable TV. For instance, on free-to-air TV, Channel 8 broadcasts dialect operas and Arts Central enjoys leeway to show arthouse movies with some dialect, if the films have artistic merit. On radio, FM 95.8 broadcasts dialect news daily. For more dialect programmes, viewers can choose from subscription TV services, including those offered by SCV and SingTel. In addition, dialect movies and dramas are readily available on DVDs, VCDs and videotapes.

When the Speak Mandarin Campaign was first launched, only 13% of Chinese Singaporeans could speak Mandarin. Today, with the bilingual policy of schools and continued promotion by the Promote Mandarin Council, half of Chinese Singaporeans can speak Mandarin easily. This puts Singaporeans in an advantageous position to benefit from the rapid growth of China. As reported by My Paper, Singaporean managers are highly sought after in China and Hong Kong and one reason is our ability to speak English and Mandarin. An excellent example is Mr Harry Tan who upgraded "Days Inn", a motel chain originating from the US, to a 5-star "Days Hotel and Suites" chain in many provinces in China. He strongly believes that only Singaporeans can do this because of our bilingual policy.

That we have achieved some success after almost 30 years of Speak Mandarin Campaign is not an outcome that is not irreversible. We should not inadvertently reverse this progress, the progress that we have made through an uncontrolled liberalisation of our dialect policy. So, Sir, while dialect is not frozen, while it may be cool, we still want Mandarin to be cooler.

Apart from content regulation, MICA also seeks to foster social cohesion and bonding. This is achieved through Public Service Broadcast (PSB) programmes, which play a critical role in communicating national and social messages. Such PSB programmes are funded by Radio and TV licence fees. Dr Teo Ho Pin had requested for the abolition of RTV licence fees and for Government to fund PSB programmes instead. This question has been raised twice in this House before. The collection of RTV licence fees is not unique to Singapore. If these fees are abolished, taxes will have to be increased to fund these PSB programmes. We should view the payment of RTV fees as a partnership between the Government, broadcasters and people for the public good.

The funded PSB programmes cover genres like minority language programmes, culture, information, current affairs, quality drama, local sports and children's programmes, many of which are not commercially viable otherwise. These programmes inform and educate the general public about important social, community and economic issues and policies. They also serve our national interests by strengthening our identity and culture, and promoting social cohesion and racial harmony.

On this note, I would like to touch on the Indian language free-to-air channel – Vasantham. Mr Chairman, Sir, I shall proceed in Tamil.

(In Tamil): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A*.] Sir, Vasantham, the Indian TV service station, plays an important part in the life of Singapore Indian community. Today, Vasantham has only about 29 hours of programmes a week. The Vasantham programmes are telecast between Kids Central and Arts Central, both of which are in the English language. We have received much feedback from the Indian community asking for the improvement of Vasantham programmes. We have therefore decided to make Vasantham a separate or a stand-alone channel for Tamil and other Indian programmes. In other words, Sir, it would be like Suria programmes. The number of hours of programmes will increase from 29 hours to 65 hours a week. Indians in Singapore therefore can look forward to a much more improved Vasantham channel.

(In English): Let me now turn to Mr Siew Kum Hong’s concern about freedom of information, which was a subject of discussion in this House at least twice before. Sir, Singapore is plugged into the globalised world and thrives on a free flow of information. The Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) in its Asian Intelligence Report’s assessment of economic statistics noted that for Singapore, "a wide range of topics are quickly compiled and made available to researchers on a regular basis". The range, coverage and availability of our economic and social statistics compare very favourably to those compiled and disseminated by more statistically developed countries, for example, US, UK, Australia and Hong Kong. The IMF, in its annual Article IV consultations, has also consistently assessed Singapore’s economic statistics to be timely, credible and reliable.

Mr Siew also asked about the availability of information such as employment data differentiating between citizens and non-citizens. In line with national statistical practice, MOM regularly publishes employment figures by residents (Singapore citizens and PRs) and non-residents (foreigners). MOM has also released two papers today retrievable on their website – the first on the employment of Singapore citizens, PRs and foreigners, a subject that Mr Siew showed interest in, and the second on the quality of employment creation for Singapore citizens.

Similarly, the Department of Statistics publishes regular demographic statistics according to this breakdown, in addition to other economic and social statistics. In fact, all Government agencies regularly provide updated information on matters of public interest, such as health, education, and finance through the media, publicity campaigns as well as the Internet.

The National Archives of Singapore is also a rich repository of historical data that is invaluable to researchers. As stipulated by the National Heritage Board Act 1993, most archived public records are made available for public consultation after a 25-year period.

The lack of legislation on Freedom of Information has not prevented Singapore from doing well in international studies of transparency. In 2007, Transparency International ranked Singapore fourth in an international survey, above the United States, which does have a Freedom of Information Act.

That Singapore is a financial, information and economic hub, and that the people’s trust in our Government remains high, is proof that the system we have today is working well.

Finally, I fully agree with Miss Penny Low that a country’s brand or reputation has emerged as an important competitive factor. A national branding strategy is therefore important. MICA is committed to improving the overall brand equity of Singapore through coordination among agencies when marketing Singapore. MICA, together with MTI, co-chairs the National Marketing Action Committee, or NMAC.

NMAC’s main purpose is to develop a whole-of-government effort to market and promote Singapore internationally for a more consistent Singapore brand. As Singapore continues to evolve, so will our brand, and our marketing efforts must reflect this progression. This does not mean that tomorrow, you are going to see a single logo or tagline proclaiming to the world what the "new" Singapore is about. Instead, it is more about coordinating our messaging, as Government agencies, so that we speak a common language about what Singapore stands for.

Branding only seeks to emphasise the reality. Therefore, the reality of what Singapore is, will be what ultimately brands Singapore. With the numerous international events coming to our sunny shores, such as the Youth Olympic Games and the F1 races, there are opportunities for us to showcase and brand Singapore. I have no doubt we would organise and host these events efficiently as we are well-known for efficiency. But we also need to showcase our "softer" aspects – graciousness, civic consciousness and politeness.

This will depend on each and every Singaporean – how we present ourselves to the world. We are the brand ambassadors of Singapore and, through our actions, we will provide the reality of what Brand Singapore is – a gracious society living in a vibrant global city.

Sir, in conclusion, MICA will continue its efforts to make Singapore a vibrant global city, giving greater choice to all who live and work here.

*Cols. 1587-1588.

We have about until 2.40 pm. Any clarifications? Yes, Mr Baey.

Sir, I refer to SMS's response about national branding. I think branding is not just about a marketing or PR exercise. Many times, we have valid reasons to stand firm on our positions on certain matters, for example, the conditions that foreigners are not allowed in the Complaints Choir performance. We are upholding the principle that foreigners should not interfere in our domestic policies but the public outcry and negative international visibility seem to do us more discredit. So how does the Ministry strike a balance between these matters and the potential negative impact on Singapore's national branding?

Sir, our branding is what we are and part of our branding is the law and order that we have and the safety that we have in our city and the fact that everybody has to comply with the law. This is part of our reputation and part of our branding, and it is not a bad part of our brand value.

Ms Irene Ng, can you make your clarification short, please, so that we can take in as many clarifications as we can?

Sir, the SMS mentioned about graciousness and politeness. There has been some concern among Singaporeans that this seems to have been going downhill. There are always a lot of rush at MRT stations, seats are not given up for the elderly

and pregnant women. Can I ask SMS what is the progress of the Small Kindness Movement because it has been very quiet and whether we are still mounting, not campaigns but promotions, in education programmes to ensure that our citizens continue to be a more gracious society?

2.15 pm

Yes, we shall continue with those efforts. In fact, with the Youth Olympics and the F1, it is a great opportunity for all Singaporeans to think about their behaviour and whether they can improve it – whether they can be more polite and more gracious. If we take these events as an opportunity to improve our behaviour and, as Ms Irene Ng says, not rush for the train, to give up our seats to older people, then we will be a more gracious society. Branding cannot be about PR, as has been pointed out. Branding has to be about reality. So what we need to do is to ensure that the reality of Singaporean behaviour improves, and we shall continue with that effort. But it depends on each and everyone of us.

Sir, I have a question for the Minister. I think in my cut, I mentioned a point about the ability of our local ICT businesses to commercialise the IP that they get. Despite concessions by the Government, many of our local ICT businesses are not able to commercialise their IP. Just a small comment on the ERP. I think that basically substantiates Mr Baey's point that even if you design our ERP very nicely, people are going to say, "This is very expensive and you are charging me more to improve the design." I think it is still a point where the design is still very expensive.

What is your question or clarification?

My question is, why our local ICT businesses are not able to commercialise their IP? And do we need more measures to enable them to do so?

The Government actually has a very generous IP regime. For private sector companies, including our local companies who work on Government ICT projects, after the completion of the project, we let them own the IP and the hope is that they will then commercialise it and use the fact that this IP was utilised in the Government successfully as part of their branding and part of their marketing. I think he is right that so far progress on the utilisation of this IP has not been as good as we would hope for it to be. But there is a limit again to what the Government can do. We have made the first step. We let them own the IP. We will help market it. But I think we also have to be realistic. We all know about the world being flat. The infocomm sector is the flatest sector in the world. Any product which you intend to market is immediately available worldwide but it is also exposed to competition worldwide. So this is not a sector where a Government subsidy will suddenly make you competitive. You have got to go out there quickly and show the world that this idea works.

I think the fact that we now have an SOE is also another great opportunity for our companies, because this is one of the largest outsourcing projects for the front end, the desktop, the messaging and the networking behind Government infrastructure. I hope that our companies will capitalise on this project to also gain greater market share overseas. And if this project is successful, and I expect it to be successful, I think there will be other governments and other large organisations in the world that will also embark on this course that the Singapore Government has set.

Sir, a question to the Minister. He mentioned that we do track some of the successful Singaporean artists overseas and we do bring them back, give them platforms and highlight them. But many industry players have also fed back that we expect our own artists and industry players to perform for free, or for a very small fee, while we splurge on foreign talents. Can the Minister clarify its talent engagement policy and whether we do have a different policy for talents from Singapore and overseas?

Sir, I do not think it is quite correct to say that we always expect our own artists to perform for free or do public service. There are, of course, occasions where we do seek Singapore artists and arts companies to contribute to the national causes. For instance, when we went international for Singapore Season in China. Many of the artists who participated, including the chefs who took part in the two Singapore evening dinners, volunteered their services and they were quite proud to be part of this effort to promote and market Singapore's capability in the culinary art. In many other instances where we actually commission works by Singapore artists, we pay for those commission works. And, in fact, I said earlier on in my reply, that this year, under RCP3, the National Arts Council will set aside $700,000 to start up a commissioning fund which will be used to commission works by Singapore artists which will be performed in Singapore in the first instance. So, we do pay our artists for their work to help to make Singapore a more vibrant arts city.

Sir, clarification for the Minister. The Minister touched on the Complaints Choir and spoke about foreigners leading and organising Singaporeans and complaining about local politics. I attended the private performance of the Complaints Choir and my understanding is that the project was organised by a local arts group, The Necessary Stage, not by foreigners, and The Necessary Stage invited the founders here. The foreigners were really the composer of the music and were also the conductor and some singers in the choir. Can the Minister please clarify how that constituted interference in Singapore politics when the lyrics were all done by Singaporean members of the choir as a whole?

Sir, as I explained in my response to Ms Irene Ng, our objection in this case of the Complaints Choir was not so much with the lyrics. We objected to the idea of foreigners coming here to lead the Choir, to encourage them or to support them in voicing out their complaints. As I said, and I repeat here again, that this complaining about issues and matters that irritate Singaporeans is something that Singaporeans are more than capable of doing on their own without having to have foreigners come to lead the performance. So the question is whether in fact we should set a precedent where foreigners can come in and organise Singaporeans in this manner. We did not think it was desirable. Yes, the performance was under the ambit of the M1 Festival, and the principal organiser was The Necessary Stage. But in this particular instance, we understood it as an event that would be led or directed by the two foreigners. So we had decided that the public performance by these two foreigners should not take place, since they involved foreigners working together with Singaporeans on this project. But as I had also said in my earlier response, it does not set a precedent. It does not mean that we have an objection to foreigners working with our artists in Singapore to put up arts performances. In fact, we constantly encourage such interaction. We welcome international artists and performers to participate in Singapore on their own or working in collaboration with Singapore artists and arts companies, and we will continue to do so.

Can I ask the Minister whether, going forward, the Ministry can take a lighter touch on such issues? The Minister said that it would not set a precedent and it is an exceptional case. I take assurance from that. But can the Minister also assure there are groups out there, that the Ministry will take a lighter touch and it will assess each case on a case-by-case basis and will not clamp down just because foreigners are involved? Because it has been noted before that if it is a positive piece, then it is okay. But if it is a negative piece, then it is not okay.

Sir, I certainly will be happy to assure Ms Irene Ng that we will take each case on its own merits. We will study the circumstances of the performance and the presentation. And we will take a light touch to regulating such arts performances.

I will take one last clarification. Mr Lim Biow Chuan.

Sir, I have a number of Indians speaking Hindi in my constituency. I just like to ask the Senior Minister of State whether the Tamil Channel would also have some Hindi language programmes in that channel. I apologise that I cannot ask the question in Hindi.

Sir, currently, the guideline for the Vasantham Channel is that a minimum of 75% of the programming must be in Tamil and 25% can be in other non-Tamil Indian languages. The number of hours is increasing, from 29 hours per week to 65 hours per week. But the guideline will still remain the same.

The Minister mentioned Google having attracted some 26 Singaporeans to work for them and they are amongst the top talents. May I ask the Minister how many of these 26 Singaporeans are indeed working in Singapore itself, instead of Google elsewhere? And one reason Google was able to attract top talent, as it received millions of applications every year, is because they allow their staff to apportion 20% of their time to develop their own projects which are very much associated with social or community developments. How can we then transform or adapt this strategy to our local context and encourage either our companies or even our civil service to adopt the same concept so that we can also attract top talents?

The 26 Singaporeans I met last month are all working in San Francisco, Shanghai or Beijing. Google obviously has other employees in Singapore and in fact they do want to expand in Singapore, not just the sales marketing office, but the research and development laboratory. But the key limiting factor again is talent, making sure that they have top talent who can do top-class work because in this sector, it is very, very competitive. But the lesson which I learned there was that we can attract top talent if, firstly, we recognise top talent; secondly, they must give opportunities for these talents to express themselves and, in their own words, to change the world; and, thirdly, it has got to be connected into a global network.

My point is that if you look at what we are trying to do in Singapore, we are trying to attract top talent into the infocomm sector. We are trying to get scholarships. We are trying to give opportunities. We are trying to network them. And we are also trying to make sure both local startups, local enterprises and top-class global enterprises establish their presence in Singapore in the full spectrum of jobs, so that the key point is that there will be opportunities. And we believe we can do that. We will be able to attract and retain our own top talent who currently may be attracted overseas. But we can attract them back here and, when they are back here, to actually embark on a process of creation of new intellectual property, new products and new services which can change the world.

This is a very difficult challenge, but I believe it is one that we have to do. Because if we do not do that, we will lose the very essence that keeps Singapore at the forefront of technology and what our future hopes are about. That is why, in a sense, we are investing in a broader sense in research and development. It is not really about laboratories. Laboratories are easy to build. It is about attracting top brains and then giving them opportunities, the network and bring about the creation of new ideas, new products and new services. Arts and design come into it also. Because top talents want to live in a place that also has cultural relevance and resilience, also a place in which arts and culture are expressed and expressed at the highest level.

So what MICA is doing, working with the rest of Government, is creating a Singapore of the future which will be conducive to attracting top talent and getting these top talents to express ideas and products. As what I said just now, we need both the right brain and the left brain. And if we can successfully do that in our next phase of Singapore's development, there will be many, many opportunities for people who today consider themselves artists, but really also need a grounding in science and technology, opportunities for our engineers and technicians who will also understand that you need to appreciate design, culture and language. Even our multi-culturalism is both, not just an economic good, but also an expression of ourselves. So when we talk about branding, I come back to SMS Balaji's point, that it must be authentic. And what we have in Singapore is that we do have talent, we do have some advantages, some branding differentiators. We need to pull it all together into a coherent whole and if we succeed in doing that, we will be all right.

I think the Minister has not quite answered my question on whether there are ways to adapt the Google model of allowing 20% of the employee's time into social investment so that they have a chance to really fulfil what they want to do and, so to speak, –

Give the Minister a chance to reply, Miss Low.

The Government cannot mandate every enterprise and say, "You must give 20% free time to all of you to think and create and to express yourself." But having said that, as we move into a knowledge-based economy, into a talent resource economy, I cannot mandate when and where you think of new radical ideas. I do not dictate how many hours you should spend ruminating about the future and how many hours you should spend on your job at hand. Sir, I think let us be less prescriptive and less uptight about this. Just understand that you get good people, you give them opportunities, you educate them, you retool them, reskill them and make sure they are current and opaque with what new progress in science and technology offers. At the same time, they also have a connection to their heart and linguistic and cultural heritage. I think you will see real fruits from that kind of environment. So I do not want to be overly prescriptive on this. But I think every employer will know that the race today is to attract talent and you will have to structure your own workplace, your own employment package so that top talent feels fulfilled and challenged working for you. On the Government side, in the civil service, we will of course make our own efforts to do that. But I think each company and enterprise will also have to do so.

Sir, I thank the Ministers and Minister of State for giving us a very comprehensive reply to all our queries and patience as well. I beg leave to withdraw the amendment.

Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.

The sum of $452,360,700 for Head Q ordered to stand part of the Main Estimates.

The sum of $321,771,600 for Head Q ordered to stand part of the Development Estimates.

Order. I shall take the break now.

Thereupon Mr Speaker left the Chair of the Committee and took the Chair of the House.

Order. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair again at 3.00 pm.

Sitting accordingly suspended

at 2.35 pm until 3.00 pm.

Sitting resumed at 3.00 pm

Debate in Committee of Supply resumed.

Head J – Ministry of Defence

Head J – Ministry of Defence. Ms Indranee Rajah.

Singapore's Security Environment

Sir, I beg to move,

That the total sum to be allocated for Head J of the Estimates be reduced by $100.

Sir, I would like, if I may, to ask the Minister for Defence a concentric question. Concentric because it starts with an overview and narrows down to specifics.

First, the current international security environment still has that US focus on Iraq and Afghanistan. Some Singaporeans wonder what that has to do with us, what impact it has on us, because Singapore has supported the US in its efforts in Iraq as well as Afghanistan. I would like the Minister to comment on the relevance of Singapore's position with respect to this international perspective.

Moving in a little bit closer, China and India obviously have risen very rapidly economically. Does their economic rise also impact on the security landscape around us? To what degree does it impact on it? What sort of cooperation do we have with them?

Coming in a little closer to the region, I would like to ask the Minister for his assessment of our security environment in the region. Prior to 2001, our security threat assessment was more in terms of conventional threats. Since 2001, however, it is clear that the biggest threat to our security environment is the non-conventional threat of terrorism. We are surrounded by countries where terrorism is an issue. There had been reports of militant groups in Indonesia as well as, of course, incidents of terrorism in Indonesia. There are separatist groups in the Philippines as well as unrest in southern Thailand. Closer to home, we have had the detention of the JI detainees, and the escape of Mas Selamat from the detention centre two days ago is a stark reminder that the threat is also present here. The fact that it interlinks with our neighbouring countries can be seen from the fact that the Malaysian security forces went on alert when the news of the escape came out and the Indonesian security forces are obviously also on standby.

With that sort of surrounding environment, I would like to ask the Minister if he could update us on his assessment of our regional security environment.

That also brings us to cooperation between the Home Team and the SAF because, obviously, I had seen in the news in the past couple of days that, with the manhunt going on, I saw not just Home Team personnel but SAF personnel involved there as well. I would like to ask the Minister about the degree of cooperation between the Home Team, the SAF as well as the other security agencies, whether coordination has been working, whether there had been any hiccups, whether or not there are lessons to be learnt from it, and what else can be done.

Perhaps, if the Minister could also give us an overview of the issue of maritime security, piracy in the straits which has been a persistent problem, whether the situation has improved, the role that the Republic of Singapore Navy plays, and whether or not there are further steps to be taken in that respect.

Sir, I also would like to talk about and ask questions on Singapore's security environment.

We live in a world of uncertainty. The consequence of the end of the Cold War, the rise of China and India as economic and military powers as well as the threat of global terrorism pose constant challenge to the security and safety of states, more so for small states like Singapore. I believe Singaporeans support the Government's defence policy which has brought about a strong SAF that protects their safety and provides security. However, the uncertainty in the global and regional security environment calls for constant vigilance and agility of our defence policy.

Here, I would like to ask the Minister for an update on the security environment around Southeast Asia and the wider region. Are we cooperating better with our neighbours to enhance our collective security in Southeast Asia, in particular, as an example, with Indonesia, despite the problems that we have in implementing the already agreed Defence Cooperation Agreement? Are the two countries cooperating in other mutually beneficial collaboration? How has the success been of our own and ASEAN's policy of engaging the major powers in dialogues on security in the region? What have been the attitude and response of the United States, Russia, China and India, for example, to ASEAN's aspiration for peace and stability?

Sir, I would also like to know about the progress of specific defence cooperation, such as one in combating piracy and terrorist attacks in the Straits of Malacca which is critical to our economic well-being. I believe clear articulation of the security challenges and threats to Singapore would help Singaporeans understand and appreciate our defence policies better. This is especially so because Singaporeans are directly or indirectly involved in Singapore's defence through National Service. The escape of the Jemaah Islamiyah mastermind, Mas Selamat Kastari, from detention yesterday has highlighted the potential threat of terrorism and terrorist attacks in Singapore. Can the Minister give his assessment on the extent of the threat from terrorist groups in Singapore and around the region?

Ms Indranee Rajah, take your two cuts together. Four minutes total.

Regional Security Architecture

Sir, with respect to our regional security architecture, I would like to ask the Minister the following questions:

What kind of architecture do we have in place with our neighbouring countries for defence and security cooperation, both on the multilateral and bilateral fronts, so as to achieve a more stable and peaceful environment for Singapore?

On the multilateral front, could the Minister update us on what kind of defence cooperation we have within the framework of the ASEAN Charter?

What has been achieved with the past ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting (ADMM)and what does the ADMM hope to achieve, going forward?

Have we arrived at a point where we can say that there is a common ASEAN defence approach or, if we have not arrived at that point, at what point are we precisely at the moment?

Moving beyond ASEAN, could the Minister also update us on defence cooperation on the bilateral front? With Indonesia, of course, the DCA appears to be in a state of suspension. Could the Minister update us on that?

What about our relations with Malaysia?

Yesterday, in the Committee of Supply for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Minister for Foreign Affairs mentioned that we have reached an agreement with India on training for the Republic of Singapore Air Force. I would be grateful if the Minister for Defence could elaborate on this and provide us with further details, and also whether we have similar types of defence cooperation with China.

Could the Minister also tell us about our cooperation, if any, with Japan and Vietnam?

Defence Diplomacy and Relations

Defence diplomacy may sound a little like a contradiction in terms, but we have seen in recent years that defence diplomacy is something that has assumed greater importance on the international front. Singapore has been fortunate enough to have many years of peace. That does mean though that we are not necessarily engaged in offensive operations but it does not mean that we stand down in terms of training or actual operations.

In the past couple of years, we have had peace time operations, such as the tsunami relief operations, which have engendered a great deal of goodwill for the SAF. I would like to ask the Minister what has been achieved through defence diplomacy and how has that helped to, if you like, consolidate Singapore's position in terms of security.

Defence Diplomacy – Malaysia/Indonesia

Sir, Singapore has good relations with Malaysia. Of course, there have been ups and downs but, of late, relations have been rejuvenated and have improved. Our defence relations with Malaysia, in my view, are equally strong. I accompanied the Minister on a recent bilateral visit to Malaysia and I came away with the impression that bilateral relationship with our neighbour is healthy. May I ask the Minister to give his views on the bilateral defence relationship with Malaysia?

Notwithstanding the close bilateral relationship and the fact that Singapore takes part in Five-Power Defence Exercises with Malaysia, I understand that restrictions still apply to our aircraft flying in Malaysian airspace. In fact, I understand that even during the combined exercises, such as the Five-Power Defence Exercises, restrictions are imposed on our aircraft only. There are no restrictions placed on aircraft from other countries taking part. In the face of the good relationship, this is an odd position for a friendly country to take. May I ask the Minister to clarify what the current airspace restrictions are that are imposed by Malaysia in respect of RSAF aircraft, and whether we intend to take any steps to correct this position and, if so, what steps?

Turning to Indonesia, our bilateral relations with Indonesia appear also to be on a firm footing. However, the Defence Cooperation Agreement, as Ms Indranee Rajah has mentioned, appears to have been put in cold storage, with no sign of implementation in sight. The DCA, together with the Extradition Treaty, was finalised on 23rd April last year. After the signing of both agreements as a package, the Indonesians raised various issues concerning the DCA which I can only surmise as being a tactic aimed at scuttling the implementation of it. Out of goodwill, we made a proposal for a way forward on 22nd May last year. Since then, we have heard nothing and no progress appears to have been made. May I ask the Minister to give us an update on the state of defence relations with Indonesia? What is the present status of the DCA? Is there any prospect of getting Indonesia to comply with its obligations under the DCA? What are we doing about it? What has been the response, if any, to our proposal for a way forward which we made on 22nd May 2007?

Security of Straits of Malacca

Sir, the Straits of Malacca constitutes a vital sea lane for international shipping. It is an important channel of access while, at the same time, it can be a choke point or bottleneck. If it is infested with pirates, if it fell into the wrong hands or if it were obstructed, it will bring trade to a standstill and it will be extremely bad for Singapore as we depend on trade and imports for food and oil. Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia are working closely together in joint patrols to keep the Straits of Malacca open and safe. But are such joint patrols sufficient? What about the role of major powers like the USA? What happens if there is a terrorist attack on the Straits of Malacca? How would we deal with such a threat? Or, if a huge tanker were damaged and sunk in the Straits of Malacca, thereby blocking the passage, what action can Singapore take?

Sir, what is the state of our defence diplomacy and relations with Indonesia and Malaysia? In particular, how are we going to cope in the case of Indonesia in the absence of the proposed Defence Cooperation Agreement? Is Malaysia still engaging Singapore in the Five-Power Defence Agreement or are there restrictions? Are we having good defence relations with Malaysia at the moment?

Contributions to UN Stabilisation and Reconstruction Missions

Sir, the last couple of years, we have seen much natural disasters affecting different parts of the world. We have seen Singaporeans actively involved in humanitarian missions, providing relief efforts to affected victims. When the Asian tsunami occurred a couple of years ago, our military personnel played both a pro-active and critical role in providing assistance to an affected country like Indonesia. Our SAF's immediate response to the incident and subsequent involvement in the reconstruction process brought international recognition and commendation for Singapore.

Sir, as a member of the international community, we cannot turn our back to those who need assistance. The United Nations are also constantly asking member nations to provide troops for peacekeeping missions in war-torn and disaster-stricken areas. I would like to ask the Minister how has Singapore responded to the UN's call for military personnel to support its stabilisation and reconstruction missions. How many of our servicemen have thus far been sent to such missions and have there been more requests to date? What are the SAF's plans in responding to these requests? Do we see ourselves playing a greater role in such UN stabilisation and reconstruction missions? If so, how?

Sir, as we start participating in such missions, I would also like to ask the Minister what are the procedures that have been put in place to ensure that our personnel's psychological well-being is taken care of. The experience can both be either enriching or traumatic. If it is the latter, what support is put in place to help affected personnel overcome the trauma?

Sir, as a small state, Singapore has always had a strong stake in the maintenance of an orderly international system. As a nation, Singapore is committed to the principles of the UN Charter and firmly supports the UN's role in maintaining international peace and security.

Sir, I am happy to report that despite being a small country, Singapore has always been a firm supporter of UN stabilisation, peacekeeping and reconstruction missions to the best of our ability. In the last decade, we had participated in many missions worldwide. Singapore was among the first to respond to calls for participation in the international effort to help bring peace and stability to East Timor. We contributed two LSTs, a SAF liaison team and a medical detachment to support the UN-mandated International Force for East Timor, and an LST and a Charlie-130 detachment to assist in the transition to the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor, as well as a medical team, military observers and police officers to support the UN's work in East Timor.

Sir, Singaporeans may wonder why we are such active supporters of UN efforts globally. We have such limited resources and will be facing a somewhat uncertain economic landscape a year or two ahead. This would, to some, seem like resources that could be better spent at home. I myself have asked about the amount of resources we have spent in Aceh during the tsunami aid process.

While I understand that our participation in UN efforts are important, I hope that the Minister can share with us the rationale for participation of Singapore in UN programmes and also an account of our recent activities.

Operational Readiness of 3rd Generation SAF

3.15 pm

Sir, the SAF has made much progress over the last few years and has been transformed into a 3G SAF.

In the earlier years, we projected the SAF as the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. Then came joint operations. Now we emphasise one SAF – the SAF as an integrated fighting force. In the new development, SAF has acquired new weapons and upgraded its hardware. Its emphasis is on technology, fire power and mobility. But operational doctrines must move in tandem with changes in technology, equipment and force structure. How then can the SAF ensure that its doctrines are revised and updated constantly and that its officers and men are trained and orientated to the new doctrines?

Sir, in terms of an integrated fighting force, what is the best command structure to exercise diverse operations that the SAF has to undertake which may entail the deployment of different units from the Army, Navy and Air Force? A question is: who is in command? What is indeed an integrated command? Is the SAF prepared to counter a terrorist attack or a biological or chemical attack? How can the SAF support the Ministry of Home Affairs in preventing or addressing such incidents like the escape of Mas Selamat?

While we talk about a 3G SAF, will the officers in the SAF be distracted and not focus their minds on the strategic big picture or strategic thinking? Do they have sufficient time to think about strategies besides tactics? Have they learnt about Sun Tzu's Art of War or Clausewitz's principle that war is an extension of political will and not an end by itself?

Recently, Sir, there was a small aircraft that flew into Singapore without prior air clearance and our fighter jets scrambled to verify and escort the plane to land at Changi Airport. This, indeed, is a good demonstration of the operational readiness of the SAF. The question before us is: if the plane did not respond in time, would it be shot down? And who would give the order or authority for such shootings?

3G SAF

Sir, a few years ago, the SAF embarked on moving from a second generation armed force to a third generation armed force. The key to this change was a concerted effort to network and connect each different component part so as to enable all parts to work as a whole. This change would not only include upgrading our machinery and equipment, such as acquiring new F15s, unmanned aerial vehicles, naval helicopters and Leopard tanks. It would also include making use of electronic and computer technology under requisite training to achieve an integrated knowledge-based command and control (IKC2).

During last year's Committee of Supply debate, the Minister was asked by Ms Indranee Rajah to describe the elephant. His reply was this: "What we are trying to do in the Third Generation SAF is to harness all their vital qualities, bring them together, make them work together in a networked way so that we can draw on all their capabilities together to defend Singapore." I believe that these changes are both desirable and vital. Those of us who have served in the Armed Forces or who have had to take command of any large body of personnel and equipment will know that the more information that can be shared and the faster that information can be shared, gives the Armed Forces a clear advantage over their enemy. Having any army with IKC2 means more efficient use of resources, thereby maximising command and control that ultimately results.

The change to a 3G SAF is to be commended. It will ensure that our SAF remains a force to be reckoned with, thereby achieving its objective of deterring the enemy. However, given the huge amount of money that we are spending on this transition to a 3G SAF, may I ask the Minister the following:

What is the status of our transition to a 3G SAF? Is our 3G SAF operationally-ready? If not, when will it be? What is required to complete the transition? What difficulties have been encountered in the transition? What is the total amount that has been spent on this transition? In the event of a failure of the technology or network, is there a back-up plan so that the SAF's integrity and effectiveness are not compromised? Will our Forces still be able to operate?

Defence Research and Technology

Sir, I note that we have a sizeable budget for defence, but observers have little reason to be alarmed. Firstly, our Armed Forces are limited by size. Secondly, we are today faced with threats that are more complex than yesteryears'. With the increase of terrorist attacks, risks and piracy, our vulnerability has become of major concern.

Over the years, the art of war has changed, and it is heartening to observe that our SAF has not remained stagnant. It is also noted that, from the early days of independence, our defence forces have undergone many transformations and changes. In this effort, it has not shied away from employing advanced technology and science for defence.

From my perspective, Sir, it looks like the Defence Ministry's approach towards technological advancement is to combine homegrown research and international collaboration. This, to me, sounds like a positive development towards the SAF's 3G vision. Sir, could MINDEF provide an update on the SAF's 3G transformation efforts? Does the SAF's 3G transformation mean that there is a change of the SAF's mission? Is the SAF ready for unconventional threats? What is the key for the 3G SAF? Is it technology?

We are all aware of MINDEF's efforts in defence research, and I am glad that we are not just buying technology but also building capabilities and capacities through research and development. Having said that, may I ask how much resources are being allocated for defence research? How are we benchmarking efficiencies in our defence research spending? And, more importantly, how do we measure the success of these research efforts?

Lastly, Sir, would MINDEF consider transferring the R&D successes and intellectual property for commercialisation so that more could benefit from the research?

SAF Careers

Sir, the SAF may buy the best aircraft, best tanks and the best ships, but the real core of the SAF remains its officers and men. Without the commitment of the officers and men, the SAF would be nothing. Besides the full-time and Operationally-ready Servicemen, the SAF has to attract and retain good career officers and men.

In view of the economic growth and the tight market for manpower, are the benefits of a SAF career still attractive in a competitive market? Does the SAF continue to have a good share of talents? Sir, I refer to the various schemes set up to provide gratuities and other benefits to SAF regulars. In particular, the SAVER scheme, launched a number of years ago, appears not to have met its original target and some officers believe that the returns in this scheme is far below their expectations. Sir, can anything be done about this? In view of the tight labour market and the higher retirement age in the market, will the SAF extend the service of officers by two or three years?

Sir, the Minister for Defence has previously mentioned that our national boundaries have become increasingly porous, as has the complexity of our security environment. Indeed, while an interconnected world has resulted in better trade and economic growth for our country, it has also resulted in new challenges, in terms of security. We have opened up new vulnerabilities and, in some cases, may even become targets for acts of terrorism.

Taken together with the rapid spread of technology, the theatre of operations has indeed become a global one. In this context, we need to rely on experienced professional soldiers to deal with these challenges. Indeed, while we bring in new talent in each stage of our defence services development, we invest greatly in the training and professionalism of our defence forces. These men and women have protected our interest at home and will continue to do so.

I have heard the Minister speak of the SAF's transformation into the Third Generation Force to meet the security challenges of the day and into the future. And at the heart of our Third Generation forces are our people, the most vital asset.

The Minister has commented that defence and security are the two pillars on which Singaporeans depend upon for economic growth and well-being. Thus, the need for an SAF that is adaptive and flexible is certainly clear.

Sir, I agree with the Minister that, to do this, we must attract people with the right values. They must have a strong passion to serve the nation. And many of our assets in the defence force are Singaporeans who passionately want to make a difference. I, too, feel that the people who are committed to the defence and security of Singapore are prized assets which we should nurture and develop.

However, Sir, after training these men and women, developing them to build their experience over the years to become valuable assets, I understand that they are required to retire mandatorily at age 50 for senior specialists or warrant officers, 55 for senior warrant officers, and 45 for officers. Given that they would have built up years of experience, would it not be possible to tap on this asset rather than move them on to their second careers for those who wish to stay on serving in the defence force?

I join my colleague, Dr Ong Chit Chung, in requesting the Ministry to review this, and I hope that the Minister will share with us the rationale for his policy and if there are any plans to review, in light of the changing defence and security climate.

(In Mandarin): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A *.] The Singapore Armed Forces has the important responsibility to defend and protect our country. It is an important organisation to our national security. As such, we should attract enough talents to work in the Ministry of Defence. The Ministry of Defence is a highly confidential and high-tech Ministry. Because of the nature of its work, it is sensitive. Only loyal, honest and highly intelligent Singaporeans should be recruited to take on these jobs, and these jobs can never be outsourced.

However, with our strong economic growth, the private sector is always looking for talents and offers high salaries and superior working conditions to attract them. In this regard, is the Ministry of Defence facing the same problem? Can MINDEF attract outstanding and loyal Singaporeans to serve the Ministry?

Secondly, the Government has raised the retirement age of civil servants. Would the Ministry of Defence consider raising the present retirement age of 45 for our regular SAF officers?

*Cols. 1589-1590.

Fitness and Camp Security

Sir, the Dave Teo incident and the more recent Mas Selamat escape have highlighted the need for greater vigilance at high security premises. At the sitting on 7th September 2007 of this House, the Minister reported that, following the Dave Teo incident, the SAF had done a thorough audit of the physical security of all SAF camps and guard rooms and that, whilst most of them fully met with the physical security requirements, a few required improvements and that the SAF was in the process of implementing those improvements. I would like to ask the Minister for an update on what these improvements were and whether they have been implemented.

Also, as the Minister may recall, when Corporal Dave Teo was arrested, he was found with two sets of ammunition, five rounds and three rounds. The five rounds were the ones that he had with him when he was on guard duty, and he had three additional tracer rounds which he had appropriated two weeks before he went missing. At that time, I had asked how those three rounds came to be overlooked. The Minister's response at that time was to say that he could not say it was impossible for a determined person to secrete one or two rounds of ammunition, though it would be difficult to do so. And he said that, at that time, investigations were continuing and he did not want to make any presumption on how it might have happened. Five months have now passed. So I would like to ask about the outcome of the investigations on how those three tracer rounds came to be missing and whether this has necessitated any further tightening of procedures for accounting of ammunition.

Moving on to fitness, Sir, a large part of our standing force comprises reservists, now called Operationally-ready NSmen, to better reflect their readiness to go into action at any given point in time. I am concerned about the fitness of our NSmen. There is no problem when they are NSFs, doing full-time NS, from age 18 to 20. The question is whether, after they finish NS and enter the workforce, they remain fit enough to carry out operational duties until age 50 for officers and age 40 for other ranks? Once they enter the workforce, they have to contend with the more sedentary lifestyles, the temptation of unhealthy diets and, in many cases, smoking and drinking, which also take a toll on health and fitness. I know that they have to do IPPT and I understand that, for many, the 2.4-kilometre run and the standing broad jump pose the most difficult challenges.

There have also been reports of SAF personnel who have died during runs, although the circumstances are different. A couple had been doing marathons and one, I think, was doing a practice run at his own pace. I should therefore like to know what is being done to maintain the health and fitness of our NSmen, and whether they are taking personal responsibility for keeping themselves fit. And lest anyone should think that the MPs are unsympathetic to the challenges faced by NSmen in keeping fit, let me assure the House and our NSmen that this is not the case. We are fully behind them and want to encourage them in keeping fit operational readiness. To that end, I am volunteering my parliamentary colleagues to do additional IPPT – Mr Teo Ser Luck, Mr Baey Yam Keng, Mr Zaqy Mohamad, Dr Lim Wee Kiak and Mr Christopher de Souza. Just in case Members feel that women are left out, I would be happy to volunteer to do it together with Ms Jessica Tan as well.

3.30 pm

One final question on recognition of NS. Obviously, our men put in a lot of sacrifice when they do NS. I would like to ask the Minister what plans MINDEF has to recognise our National Servicemen for their contributions to the defence of Singapore, and whether there are plans to reflect their skills set acquired during NS as well as their contributions during NS that would help enhance their marketability post-NS to give employers a better appreciation of their skills in the workplace.

Ms Indranee, have you got Mr Teo Ser Luck's permission to volunteer him?

Yes, Mr Chairman, I have.

National Service

Sir, National Service is a rite of passage for many Singaporeans. It is a duty which male Singaporeans and second generation permanent residents are conscripted into the Singapore Armed Forces at the age of 18. Over the years, our National Service policy has undergone some changes. We undertook a policy to review the length of National Service. Depending on their education and level of fitness, National Service now lasts between 22-24 months. I was among those in this House calling for a shorter NS stint.

Sir, I agree that we should incentivise fit servicemen so that the quality of our defence force improves. However, I hope that the Minister could comment on the effectiveness thus far of this policy decision. Are our conscripts starting off National Service fitter? How has MINDEF spread the message to young Singaporeans on the value of fitness, so that we have a more operationally-ready defence force?

Furthermore, the amount of training required to make our defence force operationally ready is substantive. It would take a certain amount of time and training to orientate conscripts into military life. Thus, would the Minister share his thoughts on the shorter term of National Service? And how has our 3G SAF been able to hone its ability to develop a viable and operationally ready defence force, in spite of the shorter time taken for National Service? What has been the experience and difficulties, if any, faced by our commanders these past years since the shorter NS stint begun?

Total Defence

Mr Chairman, if we ask average Singaporeans about Singapore's defence, most automatically think in terms of military defence, which they see as the responsibility of SAF regulars, both male and female, and of NSF and NSmen. However, the military aspect is only one part of our defence. Singapore subscribes to the concept of Total Defence, and Total Defence has five pillars, of which military defence is only one. The other four pillars are defence of the civil, economic, social and psychological pillars. The other four pillars are equally important and they depend on all the other members of society to succeed. So it means that not only able-bodied men are involved in Total Defence but also women, students and the elderly. Economic defence, for example, requires a strong economy and a strong workforce, and both men and women contribute to this aspect. Yet, the average woman would not normally think that when she is working and contributing to the economy, she is also contributing to Singapore's defence. So I think more needs to be done to make Singaporeans understand the part that they have to play in Total Defence.

I was also disturbed to read a New Paper report on Thursday, 28th February 2008, in relation to Total Defence activities in schools, that some students complained about the following hardships – having to forgo lights, fans or air-conditioning for the day, having to eat sweet potatoes, and that the water from the water cooler was not cool enough. This does not augur very well for our psychological defence if young Singaporeans do not have the mental toughness and resilience to do without the usual comforts even for a day. Sir, I would like to know what plans MINDEF has to raise public awareness for Total Defence.

Mr Chairman, the case of Corporal Dave Teo who escaped from an army camp with a rifle and live ammunitions, and Wednesday's escape of JI leader, Mas Selamat Kastari, from a detention centre, brought home the real message that we will continue to be faced with potential security challenges in Singapore. While the public reaction to these two incidents generally reflected a sense of confidence in our security agencies, does it reflect a sense of complacency amongst Singaporeans?

Sir, it has been some time since the concept of Total Defence was first presented to Singaporeans. I wonder the extent to which this concept remains internalised amongst Singaporeans. Or is it something that Singaporeans are reminded of only once a year through the activation of the public warning system at 12 noon on 15th February every year? I wonder if we still remember 15th February as Total Defence Day if the public warning system is not activated. Sir, the question I have is: what is the role of Total Defence in today's climate of uncertainties?

From economic recession to global-terrorism, the threats are real. The essence of Total Defence is that everyone has a role to play in the defence of Singapore in each of the five pillars – economic, social, psychological, civil and military. I would like to ask the Minister his assessment of Singaporeans' understanding and appreciation of their role in each of the pillars of Total Defence. I know our young are exposed to Total Defence because schools organise events to commemorate Total Defence Day. But what about the other segments of the population?

Sir, I believe we cannot allow Singaporeans to take our security for granted, nor assume that it is the sole responsibility of the security agencies. We need to keep alive Total Defence. As such, I would like to ask the Minister how is MINDEF coordinating with the other agencies in ensuring that Singaporeans continue to play an active role in each of the five pillars. Also, I would like to ask the Minister if MINDEF periodically attracts the attitude and readiness of Singaporeans in Total Defence, and what are the indicators to ascertain this?

Commitment to Defence

Sir, we live with progress and better life in peace and stability. Thanks to the Singapore Armed Forces. Singaporean families have accepted National Service as part of their life. However, I wonder if the high standard of living and a good life that we enjoy now has had any adverse effects on Singaporeans' attitude towards national defence and their roles in it? Has MINDEF done any study to gauge the attitude of Singaporeans, including young people, towards National Service and their parts in Total Defence concept?

Sir, there is also the issue of how the declining number of births among Singaporeans has affected our manpower needs in defence. As our young people enjoy better education and are also becoming more mobile globally, has there been any impact on their commitment to National Service?

My last question relates to how MINDEF can give recognition to the contribution of business organisations that have released their workers to do reservist training. The business world is becoming more fast paced and competitive. And so how can we better help Singaporeans as well as employers balance National Service commitments with the pressures of work, particularly for those who have to travel overseas for work? How can Singaporeans and the corporate citizen's commitment and contribution to National Service be recognised meaningfully?

New Citizens

(In Mandarin): [For vernacular speech, please refer to Appendix A *.] Sir, in 2007 last year, we attracted 17,000 foreign nationals. They took up permanent residency and had been naturalised as Singapore citizens. Many are below 18 years old. They have reached enlistment age and soon will be enlisted for full-time NS. Therefore, I would like to ask the Ministry whether these new citizens have a good understanding about NS and Total Defence, and whether the Ministry has enough measures to allow and enable new citizens to learn and understand about NS and Total Defence. I would also like to ask the Minister whether the new citizens give positive support towards our NS and Total Defence. I therefore propose that the Ministry of Defence organise camp visits for new young citizens prior to their enlistment. We can also present the citizenship certificates to these citizens during the camp visit, and we could play the NS video to orientate them about National Service. This would allow them to have a better understanding of the importance of Total Defence.

*Cols. 1591-1592.

Mr Chairman, Sir, I would like to thank the hon. Members for their comments and questions, and for their strong commitment to Singapore's defence and security.

Ms Indranee Rajah and Mr Hawazi Daipi asked about the trends in our regional security environment. I will begin by sharing MINDEF's perspective on this.

While the US remains the pre-eminent power in the Asia-Pacific, the rise of China and India is transforming Asia's strategic landscape. China has become the largest trading partner of many countries in the region, including Japan, South Korea and, most recently, Australia. China is also India's second-largest trading partner. In addition to trade, China and India are also becoming important sources of foreign direct investment (FDI). Since 2004, their share of the total outflows of FDI from Asia has risen from 10% to 25%.

The expansion of China and India's economic space and linkages means that they will seek to secure their interests beyond their immediate neighbourhood. Their growing economic might allows them to progressively develop the military capabilities and diplomatic influence to do so.

As a consequence, Japan too is feeling the need to exert greater geo-political influence as a "normal" country. Japan has sought a permanent seat at the UN Security Council, and in January last year made their Defence Agency a cabinet level Ministry of Defence.

Russia will also grow increasingly assertive in our region, just as it has in Europe. While Russia and Europe have their own security concerns mainly on their peripheries, it is only a matter of time before both Russia and the EU embark on a more coherent strategy to engage our region given Asia's economic dynamism and strategic potential.

The US remains a key player in the security and stability of our region. Although the US is currently preoccupied by Iraq and Afghanistan, it is vital for the US to be actively and constructively engaged in Asia.

Mr Chairman, Sir, all countries tied to the global economy are becoming increasingly interdependent and have a common interest in peace and stability. However, friction and strategic competition between the major powers pose risks that need to be managed in the on-going shift in power relationships. Potential flashpoints in regional security remain, such as the situation across the Taiwan Strait; and transnational threats like terrorism must also be managed in a globalised world.

MINDEF's response to this complex and fluid regional security environment is to strengthen both diplomacy and deterrence.

First, defence diplomacy. Ms Indranee Rajah and Mr Hawazi Daipi asked about the regional security architecture, and the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting.

Multilateral cooperation is required to counter transnational threats as well as to create a culture of constructive engagement, and peaceful dispute avoidance and resolution. Singapore seeks to facilitate the development of a regional security architecture, which provides a robust and flexible framework for peace and stability in Asia.

A multi-layered and overlapping security architecture is developing – made up of both formal and informal forums – at the strategic as well as the functional levels.

ASEAN lies at the heart of many multi-lateral groupings, such as the ASEAN Regional Forum, the East Asia Summit and the Shangri-La Dialogue. We want an open and inclusive architecture, with ASEAN facilitating and shaping this architecture and its agenda.

At the broadest level, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) brings together both foreign and defence officials from 27 countries from the Pacific to South West Asia. With its wide membership, the ARF provides an important forum for strategic dialogue and confidence building.

Also providing a forum at the broadest level, but in a more informal format, is the Shangri-La Dialogue held annually in Singapore, which is a key multilateral event for defence and security dialogue in the region. Today, it is the only forum where Defence Ministers from the region and beyond gather, along with senior officials and academics. The informal setting of the Shangri-La Dialogue has facilitated a frank exchange of views, and allows new concepts and ideas to be floated and discussed. Last year, 23 countries, including 20 Ministers, took part.

At the regional level, we have the East Asia Summit (EAS), with the 10 ASEAN countries at its core, as well as Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand and the Republic of Korea. The EAS' priority is currently mainly economic. But with its focused membership, the EAS has the potential to address complex and multi-faceted security challenges in the region, such as energy security, trade security and maritime security.

3.45 pm

Ms Indranee Rajah asked about the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting, or ADMM. The ADMM is an important step towards building an ASEAN Security Community. Singapore had the honour of hosting the second ADMM last November. At that meeting, we made significant progress. Chief of Defence Force LG Desmond Kuek updated the ASEAN Defence Ministers on the two-year activity workplan. This plan has been adopted by the ASEAN CDFs, and will foster practical cooperation in areas such as humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, counter-terrorism and maritime security.

Importantly, we also agreed on the principles for what is called the ‘ADMM-Plus’. The ADMM-Plus is part of an evolving, open and inclusive regional security framework that allows the ASEAN defence track to engage countries beyond Southeast Asia. Security issues in Southeast Asia such as maritime security, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or combating international terrorism, cannot be solved only by countries within our region. Extra-regional countries that have a stake in the region can bring expertise, perspectives and resources to bear on such shared transnational security challenges in Southeast Asia. It is also important that we engage the major powers and facilitate constructive and cooperative norms of behaviour in our region.

Complementing this web of security forums is the development of a collection of operational arrangements and functional groupings which address specific challenges, such as maritime security. Dr Ong Chit Chung and Mr Hawazi asked about the security of the Malacca Straits.

Operational arrangements like the Malacca Straits Patrol, where the three littoral states, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, conduct coordinated sea and maritime air patrols, enhance the security of the Straits of Malacca. According to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB), the number of piracy attacks in the Straits of Malacca has declined, with only seven incidents in 2007, down from a recent peak of 38 in 2004. The IMB attributed this to the vigilant efforts of the littoral states. The commitment and political will of the littoral states remain strong. We are pleased that Thailand has announced its intention to join the Malacca Straits Patrols. The littoral states agree that user states can also contribute to the security of the Malacca Straits.

Other functional groupings like the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships in Asia or, in short, ReCAAP, which currently has 14 members, have also contributed to improving the maritime security situation. The Singapore-based ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre (or ISC) facilitates the sharing of best practices amongst countries. The ISC recently hosted a Capacity Building Workshop in Singapore last October, in which almost all the ReCAAP member countries, as well as Indonesia and Malaysia which are not yet members of ReCAAP, participated.

Finally, to complement the various multilateral and functional groupings, an extensive web of bilateral defence relations between the countries of the Asia-Pacific provides a strong base for the regional security architecture.

Singapore will continue to deepen our network of bilateral defence relationships. Let me begin with our closest neighbours. Mr Michael Palmer and others asked about our defence relations with Malaysia.

Singapore and Malaysia share a long history of bilateral defence relations. The deep and broad-based nature of our defence linkages, from bilateral exercises to other professional interactions, has kept our lines of communication open. All three services have now instituted what are called “Top Ten” interactions. Besides enabling senior military leaders to get to know each other, these occasions also allow for informal discussions on issues of mutual interest. Such linkages build confidence and will help us weather the occasional political storm.

I recently made a working visit to Malaysia in January. I met Dato’ Seri Najib Razak, and we reaffirmed the longstanding defence ties between Singapore and Malaysia. I was very happy that Mr Palmer and Dr Maliki came along for this visit. I also had the opportunity to give a talk to senior Malaysian officers attending the Malaysian Armed Forces Defence College on bilateral relations, and how Malaysia and Singapore can work together to strengthen regional security. I am glad that we had an open, frank and honest discussion during this dialogue.

Overall, both countries see the importance of developing good defence relations. We also continue to cooperate through the Five Power Defence Arrangements, and on regional security issues like the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting, and the successful Malacca Straits Patrol.

Mr Palmer asked about airspace restrictions. Certain agreements were terminated, which I hope will be reinstated eventually. Similarly, I hope that restrictions imposed on RSAF aircraft in FPDA exercises will eventually be lifted.

Let me now turn to Indonesia. Mr Palmer and others asked about our defence relations and the Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA). Singapore and Indonesia have worked closely together for over 40 years to ensure peace, stability and prosperity in Southeast Asia. As part of the package with the Extradition Treaty (ET), both countries signed the DCA in order to strengthen our defence relations. Singapore stands ready to honour this package of agreements. Unfortunately, this package has run into difficulties. We recognise that the domestic conditions in Indonesia may not allow for the package of agreements to be ratified at this time. Both Singapore and Indonesia have therefore agreed that the best option for both countries is to put the DCA and the ET aside for now.

The leaderships of both the TNI and the SAF share the common view that the defence relationship between Singapore and Indonesia is an important one, and mutually beneficial. I met the new Indonesian Navy and Air Force Chiefs in Singapore very recently, and both emphasised this point. Both sides remain committed to working closely together to strengthen bilateral defence relations.

Recent exercises conducted with the TNI include the bilateral navy exercise, Exercise Eagle, in January 2008. This was the 20th in the series, the first being conducted 34 years ago in 1974, which I remember fondly. Last December, our two Armies carried out the annual brigade-level exercise, called Safkar Indopura. This is the 19th in the series, and it included a live-firing exercise conducted by Indonesian troops in Singapore, with their SAF counterparts.

Besides our immediate neighbours, we are also strengthening defence relations with key players in the Asia-Pacific. The Strategic Framework Agreement, signed with the US in 2005, established Singapore as a Major Security Co-operation Partner. Bilateral cooperation continues to move ahead at a high tempo. Our F-16, Apache and Chinook detachments conduct high-end training in the US. More recently, our pilots have begun naval helicopter training in San Diego, while our F-15 training in Mountain Home, Idaho, will start next year.

With China, we recently signed the Agreement on Defence Exchanges and Security Cooperation. This Agreement formalises on-going activities between MINDEF and the PLA, such as the exchange of visits, attendance at courses and seminars, and port calls. The agreement also includes new areas of cooperation such as Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief. The inaugural China-Singapore Defence Policy Dialogue was held in January this year.

With India, since signing a Defence Cooperation Agreement in 2003, we have steadily expanded our interactions. We recently concluded a Bilateral Agreement for joint training and exercises in India between the RSAF and Indian Air Force in October last year. We also continue to welcome the Indian Airforce and Navy to this part of the world for visits and exercises.

Our ties with Australia and New Zealand remain particularly close and strong. We have many exercises and exchanges with the armed forces of both these countries and appreciate the opportunities for training that are provided by both countries to the SAF. This has enabled us to develop a level of understanding that enables the SAF to deploy with the ADF and the New Zealand Defence Force when needed.

On Japan, we have encouraged the Japanese Self-Defence Force's engagement with our region by supporting their participation in exercises and offering our facilities for their ships and aircraft transits when they deploy through this region. In fact, the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force is the second largest foreign user of Changi Naval Base, after the US.

Ms Rajah also asked about Vietnam. We have good relations with Vietnam which are developing and going stronger, and the Defence Minister of Vietnam and myself visited each other over the last five months.

Singapore has also been contributing to peace support operations and international reconstruction efforts. Dr Maliki and Mr Arthur Fong asked about our current contributions, and our reasons for doing so.

About 2,000 SAF servicemen have served on international missions. SAF personnel are currently serving in the UN Integrated Mission in Timor Leste and the UN Mission in Nepal. Since 2003, we have been supporting the multinational efforts in Iraq with our deployments of Landing Ships Tank, and C-130 transport and KC-135 tanker aircraft.

In 2007, Singapore deployed a five-man dental team and a five-man construction engineering team to Bamiyan in Afghanistan in support of the multinational reconstruction effort there. Each team spent three months deployed with the New Zealand-led Provincial Reconstruction Team in Bamiyan Province. Our dental team treated nearly 1,000 patients. The Governor of Bamiyan told us that the dental clinic greatly boosted local health care, as dental care was previously non-existent in the province. The construction of bridges has helped the local population in the villages of Chapdara and Monara. We currently have two SAF officers deployed in Bamiyan to coordinate the distribution of medical aid, and provide continuity for the dental project that we started there.

We have completed a review of our contributions to the multinational effort in Afghanistan and decided that for this year, we will deploy two construction engineering teams to Bamiyan with the New Zealand PRT for about three months each, similar to the engineering team that we deployed last year. As part of the review, an SAF survey team was recently deployed to Afghanistan to better understand what additional contributions the SAF can make to the ongoing stabilisation and reconstruction efforts.

In addition to our deployments to Bamiyan, we have also decided to deploy a SAF medical detachment to Oruzgan province. This will consist of two rotations of medical teams for about three months each to the Field Hospital in Tarin Kowt, the provincial capital of Oruzgan. Comprising about 20 medical and nursing officers for each rotation, the deployments will begin in the second half of this year. These teams will provide primary healthcare and ward capabilities in support of the medical facility run by the Dutch and Australian forces in the Dutch-led Provincial Reconstruction Team in Oruzgan.

Sir, it is important that Singaporeans understand why we are doing this.

Afghanistan is at the frontline in the global fight against terrorism. Extremists have made use of an unstable Afghanistan as a safe haven to train terrorists, and to export violence and terror to other countries, including Singapore. A number of JI detainees who had planned attacks in Singapore had trained in Afghanistan; and, more recently, a self-radicalised Singaporean was detained on the way to join the Taliban in Afghanistan.

The international community recognises that the stabilisation and reconstruction of Afghanistan is critical in the global fight against terrorism. That is why the UN Security Council recently renewed the mandate of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan for another year to October 2008.

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As a responsible member of the international community, Singapore supports the efforts of the UN in facilitating international peace and security. We take our international responsibilities and commitments seriously. Given our limited resources, we participate where we are able to make a useful and meaningful contribution. We do so because our contributions enhance Singapore's overall security.

Sir, we are aware that such deployments do involve risks to our servicemen, which can be significant. However, where there is real and important work of this nature to be done, there will be attendant risks.

Therefore, our personnel are well trained and well prepared for their role in their assigned deployment, and to deal with any contingencies. This includes psychological preparation and follow-up. The soldiers being deployed to Oruzgan will undergo a comprehensive three-week pre-deployment training package conducted in Singapore, followed by a two-week preparation programme in Australia with their Australian counterparts to ensure that they can operate seamlessly with each other. Just prior to their deployment into Afghanistan, they will also receive further integration training with the Australian forces, where they will be comprehensively brought up to date on the ground situation and trained how to handle the various threats. I have confidence in them, and I am sure that the Honourable Members of this House will join me in supporting their challenging work ahead.

Sir, even as we contribute to international reconstruction and stabilisation efforts, the primary mission of the SAF will still be to deter any threats and defend Singapore. Our security remains our top priority.

In 2007, the SAF focused on realising the 3rd Generation SAF through the introduction of advanced platforms and capabilities, new organisational structures and processes, and people development. We have further developed the SAF's Integrated Knowledge-based Command and Control (IKC2) systems. The Hermes 450 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle will enhance battlefield surveillance for the SAF. This is a UAV that can fly for about 14 hours. The Gulfstream G550 Airborne Early Warning aircraft will significantly improve the SAF's networked air defence and early warning capabilities. It will replace our E2C. The new Formidable Class stealth frigates and the Sikorsky S-70B naval helicopters will allow us to better secure our sea lines of communication. The planned acquisition of the High Mobility Rocket Artillery Systems, along with the Leopard 2A4 Main Battle Tanks upgraded with the latest battlefield systems, will enhance the capability of our Army. These new capabilities will be integrated together with our Digitised Division Command Post, the Frigate's Combat Management System, and the networked air defence system, connecting together the key IKC2 components of the 3rd Generation SAF.

Mr Zainudin Nordin asked about MINDEF's efforts in defence R&D and why these are critical to our defence strategy. Our defence research and technology capability enables us to create cutting-edge systems that we cannot get off-the-shelf. This capability has been built up over a long period of time and the SAF today is supported by some 5,000 technology professionals both within MINDEF and in the wider defence eco-system. Over the years, we have focused our research and development investments in areas such as electronic warfare, command, control, communications and computers (C4), sensors and guided systems. We are open to such technology being marketed in other applications. Singapore Technologies has been successful in selling such technology in civilian security applications, such as in Police and fire service systems and mobile command posts.

We invest about 4% of our budget on R&D. Let me cite two examples where our investments are indeed paying off. Our investment in building up expertise in aerodynamics and guided systems has allowed us to design and develop Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or UAVs, that can meet our unique user requirements for surveillance, reconnaissance and communications. In fact, Mr Zainudin himself was involved in one of MINDEF's collaborations with Nanyang Polytechnic on advanced integrated circuits that have been used on our UAVs. Another area is chemical and biological defence which enabled us to draw upon our years of investment in verification, protection and decontamination capabilities to contribute, at short notice, to the national fight against SARS in 2003. This capability in R&D in this area forms the foundation upon which our national chemical and biological defence systems are based.

Dr Ong Chit Chung asked about changes in the SAF's command and control structure. Let me speak about two new organisational changes in 2007 - the creation of the SAF Operations Hub and the SAF Capability Development Hub. The SAF Ops Hub is led by the new Director of Joint Operations. The DJO is the senior-most operations staff officer in the SAF responsible for linking together Army, Navy, and Air Force operations to maintain a high level of operational readiness against all threats, including terrorist and other unconventional attacks. The DJO reports to the Chief of Defence Force. Recently, when a civilian Cessna aircraft intruded into our airspace under suspicious circumstances, the SAF responded swiftly by scrambling two of our F-16s to intercept it. Although I will not go into the details, let me assure Dr Ong that MINDEF and the SAF do have a decision making process and are prepared to deal with such contingencies and take the necessary action to defend Singapore's security. This structure and organisation have enabled us to work very well and very smoothly with the Home Team agencies. The Island Defence Headquarters and the Police Divisions basically know each other every well and shake hands operationally, regularly in exercises, and this was most useful in the recent case of the escape of Mas Selamat Kastari when the Police requested for assistance. The SAF was able to fit in seamlessly to support the Police. While the Ops Hub focuses on current operations, the SAF Capability Development Hub looks at the future needs of the SAF by coordinating the SAF's development strategy across all three services.

Mr Michael Palmer asked about the SAF's back-up plans in case equipment stops working in the 3rd Generation SAF. This is an important question. Critical systems have multiple layers of redundancy at both the system and equipment levels. Robustness and resilience are accorded a high priority. This applies not only to IT systems, databases and communications, but also to power supply and infrastructure. For example, we have multiple routings to connect our communication nodes including land lines, microwave and wireless networks. To make sure that recovery from any equipment failure is swift, the SAF has developed comprehensive contingency plans, which we test regularly. Finally, the SAF is trained to function even without some of the new technologies. This is done by continuing to emphasise basic skills and competencies. So, for instance, while our soldiers are trained to operate with GPS and a digital map, they continue to be well-trained in basic map reading and navigation skills. In other words, even if the technology fails, the SAF will not. Nonetheless, let me assure this House that the SAF will continue to review its systems and equipment to ensure that robust systems are in place to manage the risks from technology.

Mr Michael Palmer also asked about the total amount expended to transit to a 3rd Generation SAF. Let me provide an order of magnitude, a sense, of how much we allocate. The SAF is projected to invest an estimated 50% of its capital budget on the 3rd Generation SAF, which represents investments in areas such as IKC2, precision weapons and unmanned systems.

If I may draw Members' attention to the folder that has been placed on their seats, it contains a January 2008 Pioneer magazine, which gives a flavour of what the SAF has been doing as well as some IKC2 things. There is also a video inside which will be shown tonight at 7.00 pm on TV, and it will be shown five times in the coming month. It is quite a nice video. So I encourage Members to watch it in their free time and perhaps play it during their MPS sessions so that their constituents have something interesting to see.

Developing the 3rd Generation SAF requires a long period of steady investment in our people - to nurture qualified and confident operators who can work on new systems and develop new concepts. The SAF also places a priority on engaging our servicemen to ensure that they are imbued with a strong fighting spirit and are firmly committed to the defence of Singapore.

The Government is prepared to spend up to 6% of GDP on Defence. In practice, over the past five years, MINDEF has found it adequate to spend about 4.5% to 5% of GDP on defence. MINDEF maintains a very rigorous system of controls in our budget process to ensure that we use the money that has been allocated wisely and prudently. The Government believes that the best way to provide for our defence is to continue to make steady investments every year, rather than to take a feast and famine approach, where the budget fluctuates widely from year to year. With a steady pattern of spending, we can develop our forces - our hardware and our people - more cost-effectively, and maintain a high level of operational readiness at all times.

Our investment in the SAF remains the foundation for peace and stability that is necessary for the economic growth and prosperity of Singapore and our freedom to forge our own future. Fundamental to this are the strong public commitment to defence and the strong support of this House. I welcome Ms Indranee Rajah taking the IPPT with our NSmen. And although she has not done NS, I notice that she has learnt how to volunteer others already.

While setting aside sufficient budget each year for defence is important, the most important investment in defence is made by every male Singaporean through National Service (NS). Last year, we commemorated the 40th year of NS. I am sure this House joins me in recognising the active commitment and sacrifices made by our citizens, especially our Operationally Ready NSmen, to the defence of Singapore. Our society's broad-based commitment to defence underpins our concept of Total Defence, where every sector of society and every citizen contribute to Singapore's defence in their own ways. As long as Singapore is cohesive and our citizens are willing to play their part, potential adversaries will think twice before taking us on.

On its part, the SAF ensures that our NSmen are well-trained, well-equipped and well-led, so that should our soldiers ever be called to fight and defend Singapore, they will win and come home safely to their loved ones. Our investments through the defence budget, and the investment of the time, energy and dedication of each of our NSmen, as well as the support of their families, employers and our wider society ensure that Singaporeans can continue to live in peace and prosper, while enjoying our right to determine our own future.

I will now ask Dr Ng to speak on how we are addressing the human resource challenges in the SAF as well as camp security, and Prof. Koo to speak on National Service, Total Defence and Commitment to Defence.

Sir, let me thank Dr Ong Chit Chung, Mr Arthur Fong and Mr Ang Mong Seng for asking how MINDEF or SAF continues to attract good people into the SAF. I am indeed gratified by the question because it shows that they and others like them recognise that it will always be the quality of its people that will determine whether the SAF can fulfil its mission to defend our nation. We will always need to maximise our limited human resources and leverage on better systems to be an effective deterrent.

We will need to be smarter in the use of technology to be more efficient so that every defence dollar is stretched to the limit. But above all, in that moment of reckoning, it will be our soldiers and people, their passion, resolve and commitment that will ultimately determine if we can protect and preserve what we have built and hold precious. MINDEF is committed to offer compelling careers to attract the right sort of people to join and stay with us.

4.15 pm

Dr Ong pointed out that the labour market has indeed tightened and opportunities have increased. MINDEF recognises that it must compete, with other organisations, to attract people with the requisite attributes and aptitude. As part of our value proposition, MINDEF offers exciting careers which encompass extensive opportunities for development and growth as well as competitive remuneration packages. We have the SAVER scheme for regular Officers and the Premium Plan for regular Warrant Officers and Specialists, or WOSpecs in short. While these schemes have served us well, we have recently embarked on a strategic review to take into account new market realities as well as the operational demands of a 3rd Generation SAF.

The operational demands of the 3rd Generation SAF require that we attract and groom people who can leverage on technology, operate sophisticated systems and adapt rapidly. Arising from our strategic review to recruit and retain the right type of people, MINDEF has recently made several refinements to strengthen our career proposition. But before I go into specifics, it is important to put into proper perspective the role of incentive structures. We will always seek to attract those who have the right values, motivations and capabilities to lead and serve in the SAF. And I certainly hope that, for many, it is more than a vocation and it is a calling. But MINDEF also recognises that good people will be attracted to a progressive organisation that values its employees and helps them in their development. Remuneration is important, but employees also want to be developed to their full potential to be able to give their best to the organisation. This basically is the philosophy underpinning our incentive schemes.

Some Members may not be familiar with the present schemes. To familiarise Members, let me first talk about the SAVER scheme for officers and then the recent enhancements introduced.

The SAVER scheme, first and foremost, helps the SAF to attract capable leaders that keep the SAF dynamic and forward-looking to deal with the wide spectrum of scenarios and corresponding threats. A career in the SAF is physically demanding and this is why we retire our officers young, as some Members have pointed out, at about age 45. This age allows for a career length that is enough for our officers to be developed professionally and to make significant contributions to the SAF before they embark on their next career. To help in the transition, the scheme provides an attractive package which includes a substantial lump sum when they retire. As a result, their earnings from a career with the SAF up till the age of 45, compares well with the typical earnings from a full career in the private sector. Our experience has shown that most are able to transit successfully to their second careers, with more than 75% finding jobs within three months of leaving, and 85% after six months of leaving the SAF.

We have made a number of enhancements to the SAVER scheme.

First, we have extended career lengths by up to three years, as proposed by Dr Ong Chit Chung and Mr Ang Mong Seng. With extensions, Colonels will leave service at 47 years of age, while Majors and Lieutenant-Colonels leave service at age 45. But let me say that the extension was necessary for operational reasons because it catered to new demands for more foundational and integrated training in a 3rd Generation SAF. Even after the extension, officers will leave with the necessary experience and expertise and young enough to embark on their second careers. The total remuneration package will put them in a strong financial position when they leave the SAF.

Second, we will put in additional mid-term retention bonuses. Officers tend to review their career options when they approach their early 30s. To encourage officers to complete a full career with us, we will increase the incentive amounts for those who stay till the end of the first 10 years. Officers also have the option of making withdrawals in advance.

Third, wage structures will be adjusted to be more responsive to market conditions. We have added a new Variable Market Bonus for officers, and this is pegged to GDP growth. It will be paid out over two tranches in years of good economic growth. The first tranche will be paid in October of that year, based on GDP growth projections announced by the Government in the third quarter of that year. The second tranche will be paid the following April, after the actual GDP growth for that year has been determined. This mode of payment in two tranches enables us to respond more swiftly to wage movements.

Fourth, we recently introduced part-time degree sponsorships for non-graduate officers to upgrade themselves. This is in addition to the many existing schemes for our officers to further their academic qualifications and professional development. Over the years, many officers have benefited from these opportunities. Let me just cite one example. LTC Li Lit Siew, Commanding Officer of 191 Squadron in the Navy, is a naval officer with more than 20 years of service. He has been Honourary Aide-de-Camp to the President and has commanded a Task Group for peace support in Iraq. LTC Li was first sponsored for a local degree programme at NTU two years into service, and later for postgraduate studies at the US Naval Postgraduate School in 1999. Like LTC Li, many officers have received similar opportunities to realise their academic aspirations and have a fulfilling career in the SAF.

Let me now talk about the WOSpecs scheme. There is a wider range of operational and technical jobs where longer experience and service is necessary. Hence, WOSpecs serve till the age of 55 because they possess specialised skills and play key roles in training the current and also the next generation of soldiers. To bring in good people into the WOSpec Corps, we increased the recruitment incentives for the various induction schemes. The wages of our WOSpecs are also regularly reviewed to ensure that they remain competitive. In line with market movements, we raised starting salaries and paid a market adjustment component last year to improve recruitment and retention. We will also be paying out a market adjustment component this year.

We have introduced new measures as well to meet the academic aspirations of our WOSpecs. To attract good diploma holders to join the WOSpec Corps, we have introduced degree sponsorships for WOSpecs. This is in addition to the current opportunities for upgrading to ITE, Diploma and Advanced Diploma qualifications. One of those who have benefited from such upgrading opportunities is 2WO Koh Ping Wah, Senior Medic in HQ Guards. In the 13 years he has spent in the SAF, 2WO Koh has served in progressively senior appointments, taking part in peacekeeping operations in Timor Leste as well as the humanitarian relief operations in post-Tsunami Aceh. 2WO Koh has a strong passion for nursing, which explains his specialisation as a combat medic. Come this April, he will further his passion by pursuing a full-time Advanced Diploma in Nursing, sponsored by the SAF. He is an example of how the SAF has enabled our regulars to realise their aspirations to upgrade their educational qualifications while providing a fulfilling career. MINDEF will regularly review our schemes to ensure that the SAF continues to offer compelling careers.

Dr Ong asked if investment returns from the SAVER scheme could be improved. Let me first clarify that Dr Ong is referring actually to the SAVER-Premium Fund which is applicable to both officers and WOSpecs respectively. This Fund is not from the salary of our officers and WOSpecs but drawn from additional contributions which MINDEF provides so as to enhance the total lump sum when they leave. Accordingly, the Fund is invested to achieve steady returns over the long term. We have in place an investment committee made up of experienced and qualified financial professionals who provide oversight and guidance of investments in a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds. As with other investment funds, there would be short periods of volatility in return. Officers and WOSpecs can choose their investment plans based on their risk appetites. Our advice to them has been to recognise that this Fund is for their longer term retirement and not for speculative purposes.

Ms Indranee Rajah asked for an update on the incident involving CPL Dave Teo. Sir, as the criminal case against CPL Teo is still pending, Ms Indranee Rajah and other Members of this House would understand why it would be inappropriate to comment on the ongoing case. But in terms of SAF’s systems and processes to ensure the security of camps and control of firearms and ammunition, Minister Teo had also replied in detail, as the Member has cited, to similar queries last year, so I will only reiterate relevant points.

The SAF convened a Higher Board of Inquiry (HBOI) immediately after the incident. The HBOI concluded that the SAF's systems and processes were generally adequate, but that the negligence of several servicemen contributed to the security lapses in this incident. Those found to be negligent have been or are being disciplined. Our investigations also traced the three extra rounds of live ammunition mentioned by Ms Indranee Rajah to a section live firing exercise conducted two weeks prior to the incident. The SAF has audited its system of ammunition control for live firing exercises and found that the procedures are adequate. Nevertheless, these processes and procedures will be subjected to regular reviews and further strengthened, such as when new technologies emerge which can increase our effectiveness or better practices adopted from the sharing of ideas with other agencies facing similar challenges.

Since the incident, the SAF has taken steps to improve camp security. For example, we have integrated various aspects of camp security audits so that they are done holistically and we have stepped up the number of spot checks to ensure compliance. We have also centralised the supervision of training for camp security personnel to ensure a consistent, high standard of proficiency in security duties.

Sir, I want to reassure Members of the House and the public that the SAF and MINDEF take this very seriously. While we have adequate processes in place, we rely on our servicemen to implement them effectively. No system is perfect unless we remain vigilant and people remain vigilant. The SAF will continue to ensure that our servicemen are effectively trained and properly supervised so that they can appreciate the importance of these processes and implement them properly.

On a final note, Sir, I also want to thank Ms Indranee Rajah, Ms Jessica Tan and other Members of this House for volunteering to do the IPPT. MOS Koo Tsai Kee will respond to that. But I think that we should leave it to our senior commanders to judge whether it adequately stimulates - I mean motivates - our NSmen to the fitful - I mean fitness state. But if MINDEF judges that it is appropriate, I would want to volunteer my services pro bono to choose their outfits.

Sir, let me answer Ms Indranee Rajah and Dr Mohamad Maliki on their questions on Total Defence.

Total Defence is crucial for Singapore's security, survival and success. Total Defence was launched in 1984, some 24 years ago, but it is even more relevant today because of the systemic challenges in the security landscape brought about by globalisation. We need a “whole-of-nation”, a total approach, ie, top-down, bottoms-up, sideways, to overcome threats, such as terrorism, epidemics, economic downturns or as-yet unforeseen challenges. Apart from military defence, we need robust economic, social, psychological and civil defence to ensure Singapore's continued success. Strong leadership and good policies are necessary but, as our response to SARS in 2003 illustrated, it is our people's determination to stay united and bounce back from a setback that will ensure that we shall always prevail.

Sir, to increase public awareness and encourage the public to do their part, MINDEF drives the Total Defence campaign every year. We do not do it alone. We do it with all the agencies. This year, the campaign includes an Exhibition on Total Defence, and it is expected to draw about 50,000 school children and members of the public. The exhibition will go to the heartlands. As part of the campaign, a second N.E.mation! (National Education Animation) competition is being held to give our youths an opportunity to express, in creative ways, what Total Defence means to them. They are supposed to do a project using various computer graphics and the project is captured in a video. This Sunday, I will actually announce the winning team, and the winning clips will be shown on television soon. This competition has attracted some 200 submissions from 106 teams, comprising 370 students from 51 schools, which is approximately a 50% increase in participation from last year. The best clip will be shown on national television, as I have just mentioned.

4.30 pm

There is also inter-Ministry collaboration to promote Total Defence. The National Education Co-ordinating Committee at the Permanent Secretary level sets directions and reviews the effectiveness of programmes on National Education and Total Defence. At the working level, the Ministries also cooperate on a range of efforts, including the National Education programme in schools and the annual Total Defence campaign.

To measure the effectiveness of these efforts, the Government conducts annual surveys. In 2007, 97% of the respondents agreed that Total Defence was important to Singapore's long-term security. These numbers are encouraging, but we must guard against complacency. A MICA survey last year showed that only 50% of Singaporeans felt they were mentally prepared for a terrorist attack, down from 67% in 2006. Participation in security-related exercises dropped to 14% in 2007 from 23% in the previous year. We have to do more together to help Singaporeans understand what they can do at an individual level. That is why this year's campaign theme is "Total Defence. It's Personal. Play Your Part". I encourage and urge fellow Members of Parliament to do our part and to help organise activities which involve our constituents in Total Defence.

Sir, Mr Ang Mong Seng also asked about engaging new citizens on the need for National Service (NS) and Total Defence. Like other Singaporeans, we engage new citizens as part of our public outreach efforts. Many new citizens have studied in local schools and are engaged as part of our National Education efforts, which include attending the National Day Parades and visits to SAF Open Houses. In turn, they can help their parents better appreciate the need for Total Defence.

My encounters with new citizens have generally been very positive. I bring many of them to visit the BMTC, together with their parents. However, they may have a limited understanding of NS, and this is not their fault, as they may not have family members who have done NS. MINDEF, therefore, organises visits for new citizen pre-enlistees and their families to different camps, especially BMTC, and these have allowed these new citizens and their parents to transit smoothly into military life even before enlistment. The common NS experience also serves to bond our new citizens with other Singaporeans and to Singapore.

Mr Ang recently invited MINDEF to engage a group of new citizens on Total Defence and NS at a citizenship award ceremony organised at the Bukit Gombak constituency. I thank him for that. Our joint efforts were well-received and we will explore Mr Ang's suggestion to make this a regular feature. He also suggested that we should screen some Total Defence videos at some of these citizenship award ceremonies. We will take up his idea and discuss it with the relevant agencies.

Sir, Ms Indranee Rajah also asked about MINDEF's efforts to recognise the positive contributions of national servicemen. Our national servicemen have been steadfast in answering the call of duty. In a survey of national servicemen conducted last year, more than 90% of them indicated that they will defend Singapore if it should come under threat and attack, and that they will fight to risk their lives to ensure the survival of Singapore. For their dedication and sacrifices, we are deeply grateful. This year, our national servicemen will be receiving an additional allocation of $100 as part of the Growth Dividends package. For our NS key command and staff appointment holders, who shoulder greater leadership responsibilities and do a longer tour of duty, we have recognised their contribution by raising their NSmen tax relief by $2,000 in 2006 and their annual allowances by 20% in 2007.

But our recognition goes beyond just monetary rewards. In 2006, RECORD IV had recommended that MINDEF highlight the positive aspects of a serviceman's performance and qualities that are useful in the workplace where he works. MINDEF is thus informing employers about the key achievements of their NSmen employees to highlight relevant skills from NS that are applicable to their companies. This is particularly helpful for the key appointment holders who hold leadership positions and greater responsibilities. MINDEF also highlights to employers the achievements of their employees who have performed well during In-Camp Training or have won awards, such as NSmen of the Year and National Day Awards.

Second, MINDEF has also enhanced the Certificate of Service (COS) given to our servicemen when they complete their full-time NS. In the past, the COS only contained basic information about a serviceman's vocation and his grades in conduct and performance. The new redesigned COS now includes a qualitative write-up that highlights the serviceman's key achievements and provides employers with an insight into his qualities. The transcript also lists the courses that he has attended and the appointments he has held. Take, for example, LTA Joshua Chao, who was the Deputy Manpower Officer of 1st Guards Battalion. With the enhancements to the COS, his potential employers now know that he was one of the top cadets in his Officer Cadet Course and the Manpower Officer Course, ie, he was among the top cadets in the two courses, and that he was instrumental in his battalion passing an HR audit with flying colours. These records will be in the new COS. This enhanced COS, which was rolled out from November last year, will better recognise the contributions of our full-time NSmen and help them when they seek employment.

Sir, I would like to talk about commitment to defence, something which MINDEF commits lots of resources onto it. Public commitment to defence is crucial because National Service is the backbone of the SAF. Although support for National Service remains strong today, it needs to be actively reinforced, as Mr Hawazi Daipi has suggested. The pressures of a competitive global environment can make it difficult for NSmen to balance their career, family and national defence obligations. Our young people must also continue to see themselves as citizens of Singapore, even as we seek to give them a global orientation. Also, more foreigners are living and working here. Together, these changes make it important that we constantly reinforce public commitment towards defending Singapore.

Thus, MINDEF aims to reinforce commitment to military defence and support for NS at four levels.

First, our soldiers must have personal commitment. They must be willing to "stay and fight", have a sense of rootedness towards Singapore, and be confident in our ability to defend ourselves. One key ingredient in developing such personal commitment is to ensure that every serviceman sees the value and meaning of his contributions, so that he is not just "marking time". The SAF thus seeks to ensure that all its NSFs doing full-time and NSmen in the in-camp training have a positive NS experience. This is accomplished by giving them meaningful professional development, avenues for personal growth in team and leadership skills, and greater recognition of their NS service, as mentioned earlier.