Section 45

the Government or any entity owned or controlled by the Government and the teachers of a Government school;

the Institute of Technical Education, Singapore established under the Institute of Technical Education Act 1992 or any company owned (wholly or partly) by or any undertaking of the Institute of Technical Education, Singapore and their respective teachers;

the following Polytechnics or undertakings and their respective teachers:

the Nanyang Polytechnic established under the Nanyang Polytechnic Act 1992;

the Ngee Ann Polytechnic established under the Ngee Ann Polytechnic Act 1967;

the Republic Polytechnic established under the Republic Polytechnic Act 2002;

the Singapore Polytechnic established under the Singapore Polytechnic Act 1954;

the Temasek Polytechnic established under the Temasek Polytechnic Act 1990; and

any company that is owned (wholly or partly) by any such Polytechnic referred to in sub‑paragraphs (i) to (v);

any other body that is established or constituted by or under a public Act and that has a public function, or any entity owned (wholly or partly) or controlled by such a body, offering to provide or providing any education, and its teachers;

the organisation, committee of management, managers and teachers of any school registered under the Education Act 1957 and which receives a grant‑in‑aid or subvention extended by the Government to aided schools within the meaning of that Act unless the organisation is specified in a notification made under the definition of “private education institution” in section 2;

the organisation, committee of management, managers and teachers at any special education school for students with physical or intellectual disabilities which is registered under the Education Act 1957 and which receives a subvention extended by the Government;

the organisation, committee of management, managers and teachers of any education institution providing education in accordance with religious beliefs and principles and no other education, including any school exempted under section 3 of the Education Act 1957 and any Muslim religious school referred to in section 87(1) of the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966;

the governing board constituted for any school under the School Boards (Incorporation) Act 1990, its governors and the teachers of such a school;

the Nanyang Technological University, the National University of Singapore, the Singapore Management University, the Singapore University of Technology and Design, the Singapore Institute of Technology, the Singapore University of Social Sciences and any other person whose function of providing university education is determined by written law, any entity owned (wholly or partly) or controlled by any such University or person, and the teachers of the respective Universities and entities; and

any place of safety or juvenile rehabilitation centre approved, appointed or established under the Children and Young Persons Act 1993 or any approved institution approved under section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Act 1951, respectively, and the respective managers thereof.