Singapore legislation
Regulation 92
of Air Navigation (135 — Commercial Air Transport by Helicopters and Small Aeroplanes) Regulations 2018
Regulation 92
Aircraft operating at night or under IFR
Subregulation 1
An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown at night, in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules, or when the surface is not in sight, is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying —
magnetic heading;
the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
barometric altitude from 2 independent altimetry sources;
airspeed calibrated in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;
mach number, if the speed limitation specified in the aircraft’s flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number;
aircraft attitude for each pilot required for that operation;
stabilised aircraft heading;
the adequacy of the power supply to any gyroscopic instruments;
outside air temperature; and
rate of climb and descent.
Subregulation 2
An AOC holder must ensure each attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f) —
is powered by a separate power source that is capable of automatically continuing to power the indicator for at least 30 minutes after total failure of the main electrical generating system; and
has an indicator on the instrument panel of the aircraft to inform the pilot when the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.
Subregulation 3
When a relevant aircraft is to be flown at night, the AOC holder must ensure the aircraft is equipped with the following lights:
lights as required by the Rules of the Air;
illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;
lights in all passenger compartments;
an independent portable light for each crew member station;
a landing light, which must be trainable in the vertical plane if the aircraft is a helicopter.
Subregulation 4
When the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a small aeroplane, the AOC holder —
must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying turn and slip (called a turn and slip indicator);
must ensure that equipment used to measure barometric altitude (as required under paragraph (1)(c)) —
comprise at least one sensitive pressure altimeter; and
have counter‑drum pointer or equivalent presentation, if the aeroplane is a pressurised aeroplane; and
may equip the aeroplane with an additional turn and slip indicator in lieu of one of the aircraft attitude indicators required under paragraph (1)(f).
Subregulation 5
When the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a helicopter, the AOC holder must ensure that —
the helicopter is equipped with —
a means of indicating aircraft attitude in addition to the requirements in paragraph (1)(f); and
a stabilisation system, unless the helicopter has been certified as having adequate stability without such a system; and
the equipment used to measure barometric altitude indicators (as required under paragraph (1)(c)) are both sensitive pressure altimeters.
Subregulation 6
Where an aeroplane to be flown at night, or in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules, is to be operated by a single pilot pursuant to regulation 129(2), the AOC holder must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with —
a serviceable autopilot with at least altitude and heading modes; and
a means of displaying charts that enables the charts to be readable in the available lighting.
Subregulation 7
In this regulation, “the surface is not in sight” means that —
the flight crew is not able to see sufficient surface features; or
the surface illumination is insufficient to enable the flight crew to maintain the aircraft in a desired attitude without reference to any flight instrument.