Skip to content
ConstitutionIn force

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore

The full official text, structured for quick navigation. Copy any provision or jump straight to a section.

Enacted
1963
Last amended
2020
Articles
246

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore Constitution, cited as Constitution CONS 1963, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1963.

Cited in court decisions

210

Court decisions that cite this constitution, detected automatically from judgment text and linked to the judgment we hold.

  • Referred to[2026] SGYC 7Case

    “First, Art 11(1) of the Constitution prohibits the imposition of a harsher punishment for an offence than was prescribed by law at the time it was committed, but the converse is not necessarily true, in that a court is not prohibited fr”

  • Referred to[2026] SGDC 295Case

    “rt in Beech Hill referred to “a party’s right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the ECHR” (at [33(iv)(e)]), Singapore is not a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights. While Art 9(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (2020 Rev Ed) guarantees a right to a fair trial (Howe Wen Khong Rocky and”

  • Referred to[2026] SGCA 40Case

    “n Capital Cases Act 2022 (No. 41 of 2022) (which would introduce ss 60G(7)(d) and 60G(8) into the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1969 (“SCJA”)) were void for being inconsistent with Arts 9 and 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (“Constitution”).”

Show 47 more
  • Referred to[2026] SGCA 39Case

    “The appellants sought a declaration that the MDP contained within s 33(1) of the MDA, read with its Second Schedule, was unconstitutional for violating Arts 9(1), 12(1) and 93 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (2020 Rev Ed) (“Constitution”).”

  • Referred to[2026] SGHC 173Case

    “mants brought OC 968, in which they sought, amongst other things, (a) a declaration that Resolution 1a was invalid; (b) a declaration that the passing of Resolution 1a was in contravention of r 37 of the Constitution; and (c) an injunction to restrain the defendants from carrying out the proposed works under Resolution”

  • Referred to[2026] SGECT 9Case

    “The starting point is that the Guidelines plainly do not have the force of primary legislation. This much should be clear from Arts 38 and 58(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (2020 Rev Ed). Article 38 vests Singapore’s legislative power in the Legislature, consisting of the President and Parliament,”

  • Referred to[2026] SGDC 254Case

    “The MND had an interest or duty in receiving the 3rd Email. Under the 13th Schedule to the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Ministerial Responsibility) Notification 2020 (“MRN”), the BMSMA is listed as one of the statutes which fell within “National Development”.”

  • Referred to[2026] SGHC 156Case

    “(c) Constitutional grounds – breach of Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (2020 Rev Ed) (“Constitution”), ie, the treatment of Orchard Towers compared to surrounding establishments was discriminatory and unequal.”

  • Referred to[2026] SGHC 147Case

    “ated (at [254] and [264]) that if the Reynolds privilege were to be adopted as part of our common law, it would have to be adopted on the basis that the freedom of speech enshrined in Art 14(1)(a) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) is likewise “a right based on a constitutional”

  • Referred to[2026] SGHC 130Case

    “Article 12(1) of the Constitution”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 11Case

    “Majlis, to deal with the administration of Muslim law and the regulation of Muslim religious affairs in Singapore. There is resonance in this regard between the purpose of the AMLA and Art 152(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Rev Ed) which provides as follows:”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 21Case

    “tal punishment, and his appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal in 2011. Thereafter, he filed a criminal motion in the Court of Appeal arguing that his right to equal treatment under Art 12(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”) had been violated by the”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 61Case

    “ng it. By doing that it would be assuming a legislative power it does not have, and even Parliament may not have, if we agree with Jean-Louis de Lolme’s wry statement in Constitution de l’Angleterre (The Constitution of England) that “parliament can do everything but make a woman a man and a man a woman”. At the same t”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHCR 6Case

    “e basis of submissions rather than proof (O 110 r 25 of the Rules of Court); and International Judges from both common law and civil law jurisdictions have been appointed (pursuant to Art 95(4)(c) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint)).”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 27Case

    “le in judicial review is “premised on a proper understanding of the role of the respective branches of government – especially, in this context, the Executive and the Judiciary – in a democracy where the Constitution reigns supreme”: Tan Seet Eng at [99]. In short, the judiciary’s task is limited to reviewing the legal”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 29Case

    “after the disposal of a criminal appeal. Instead, they all concerned applications for leave to submit, post-appeal, new legal arguments (all of which concerned fundamental liberties guaranteed under the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint)) that had not been canvassed in the court below”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 37Case

    “out by this court for determining when a sentence of death should be imposed is too vague and lacks that quality of certainty required for it to be considered “law” within the meaning of Art 9(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”).”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 34Case

    “egistering the Respondent under the Societies Act. At that meeting, Mr Aw, the Respondent’s current chairman, was appointed as the secretary of the Respondent’s management committee. A constitution (“the Constitution”) was drafted to regulate the Respondent’s activities.”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 119Case

    “It is also of note that it is constitutionally provided under art 10(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) that while all forms of forced labour are prohibited, Parliament may by law provide for compulsory service for national purposes. Furthermore,”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 125Case

    “ent, as far as I understand it, was as follows. The admission of a person to DRC is prima facie unconstitutional because it results in the deprivation of a person’s liberty and thus violates Art 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”). This act of detention ca”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 133Case

    “f the defined periods of limitation as stipulated in the Limitation Act. The Limitation Act is “written law”, like all other statutory legislation having the force of law in Singapore (including even the Constitution) (see s 2 of the Interpretation Act), and not some “special law” that automatically excludes the operat”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 54Case

    “of the arguments raised by Ms Lai’s counsel in respect of the Public Law Claim was that the Senior Personnel Board had no statutory jurisdiction to terminate her employment pursuant to Art 110D(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”) because she was a confirm”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHC 244Case

    “The Hainan Tan Clan Association (“the Clan”) was set up in 1935. The Clan’s Constitution (“the Constitution”) declares that it was established to pay tribute to ancestors, emphasise education among clan members’ families, organise charitable activities, inculcate the Chinese culture and maintain good tradi”

  • Referred to[2016] SGHCR 11Case

    “court that are obliged to follow decisions emanating from the High Court. In my opinion, a judicial decision of an AR, unless and until overruled by a High Court Judge (or any person qualified under the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Rev Ed) to discharge the functions of a High Court Judge), must certa”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 63Case

    “nguish from the prolonged delay in execution of about 8 years” and that this has breached his constitutional right not to be deprived of life and liberty save in accordance with law under Art 9(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”) (see paras 10 and 17 of t”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 62Case

    “counsel, Mr Low Cheong Yeow (“Mr Low”), stated he was not pursuing on behalf of his client, viz, the alleged unconstitutionality of s 33B(4) of the MDA (“s 33B(4)”) inasmuch as it violated Art 93 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“Art 93”).”

  • Referred to[2016] SGCA 67Case

    “d Schedule. There are, broadly speaking, two main points of challenge. First, they argue that the Impugned Provisions are in breach of the constitutional principle of separation of powers embodied in the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”). Second, they say that th”

  • Referred to[2017] SGCA 6Case

    “given during the parliamentary debates. Additionally, Dr Ting submits that to read “person” in s 15 in a manner to include the Government would infringe upon his right to free speech under Art 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”). In a slightly different v”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 28Case

    “ons in other jurisdictions (eg, Senior Counsel in Hong Kong appointed under s 31A of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance (Cap 159); Senior Counsel or Silks in South Africa appointed under s 84(2)(k) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996) would be accorded the same treatment.”

  • Referred to[2017] SGCA(I) 01Case

    “The words “under any law” stand in contrast to “any written law”. The words “written law” refer to the Constitution and to Singapore legislation: s 2(1) of the Interpretation Act (Cap 1, 2002 Rev Ed). The words “any law” can refer to any law in the world.”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 147Case

    “accorded by the Land Titles (Strata) Act.” The Defendants submitted that this clause meant that all matters arising out of or in connection with the proposed privatisation were within the objects of the Constitution. The Defamation Proceedings, having arisen out of the proposed privatisation exercise, fell within the o”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 160Case

    “(a) s 22 of the Presidential Elections (Amendment) Act 2017 (Act 6 of 2017) (“the PE(A) Act 2017”) is inconsistent with Arts 19B(1) and/or 164(1)(a) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”), and therefore void by virtue of Art 4 of the Constitution; alternatively”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 163Case

    “During the hearing, the plaintiff tendered a second article written by Calvin Liang and Sarah Shi which was published in the Singapore Law Gazette (Calvin Liang & Sarah Shi, “The Constitution of Our Constitution: A Vindication of the Basic Structure Doctrine” (http://www.lawgazette.com.sg/ 2014-08/1104.htm) (“The Const”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 180Case

    “focus primarily on the purported non-satisfaction of O 15 r 6(2)(b) and O 92 r 4 of the ROC, though it does question whether the proposed intervention fell within the AG’s powers under Article 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 Rev Ed) (“the Constitution”).”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 195Case

    “in either written or oral submissions. However, no Lesotho authorities were cited to me by the Kingdom, and I have doubts whether such a claim would be available. In particular, I note that s 4(1) of the Constitution of the Kingdom limits its application to “every person in Lesotho”, and I am not confident that the sec”

  • Referred to[2017] SGCA 50Case

    “White Paper (Review of Specific Aspects of the Elected Presidency) (15 September 2016) (“White Paper”), in which it indicated that it agreed in broad terms with the recommendations of the Commission. The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill (Bill 28 of 2016) (“2016 Bill”), which included Arts 19B(”

  • Referred to[2017] SGCA 52Case

    “t used property for himself or a third party, and in spite of him having applied the property for the owner’s (unauthorised) use”. According to the Applicant, this ruling is in breach of Art 11(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”) and the principle of null”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 224Case

    “to alter the property with some degree of permanence and (b) to cause social disruption is necessary. Finally, the appellant’s constitutional rights to free speech and expression under Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (“the Constitution”) and to practise and propagate her religion under Artic”

  • Referred to[2017] SGHC 323Case

    “e not only the physical premises of the club but any premises in which the club’s business was being conducted. Furthermore, the MC had eventually agreed with this interpretation. Under Rule 40(a) of the Constitution, the MC is the sole authority for the interpretation of the Constitution and its decision shall be fina”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 03Case

    “(c) Tan Ser Hui (“D3”). He served as a committee member of the MC from 1984 to 2007. Pursuant to Rule 7.2 of the Association’s Constitution (“the Constitution”), the only appointments which require retirement are those of the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer. Since 2012, he has been serving as the Assistant Treasurer”

  • Referred to[2018] SGCA 4Case

    “It will be observed that s 50 of the IA opens with the words “[i]n computing time for the purposes of any written law”. Section 2 of the IA defines “written law” to mean “the Constitution and all previous Constitutions having application to Singapore and all Acts, Ordinances and enactments by whatever name called and s”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 80Case

    “(a) for s 24(2A) of the Parliamentary Elections Act (Cap 218, 2011 Rev Ed) (“PEA”) to be consistent with Article 49(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“Constitution”) so as to allow the vacancies in the MYT GRC to be filled, s 24(2A) of the PEA must be interpreted as requir”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 106Case

    “Although the Applicant had stated in the OS application and his affidavits that he was of the view that the Public Prosecutor had violated Articles 9 and 12 of the Constitution, this argument was not addressed in his written submissions or in his oral submissions.”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 112Case

    “(a) the Public Prosecutor had acted contrary to Arts 9(1) and 12(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”);”

  • Referred to[2018] SGCA 50Case

    “Third, criminal prosecution is principally carried out in this jurisdiction by public authorities. Under Art 35(8) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint), “[t]he Attorney-General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings f”

  • Referred to[2018] SGCA 47Case

    “Implied Term should be construed in a way which conforms with or is consistent with the law. Clause 12 of the Shareholders’ Agreement states that the provisions of that agreement are to prevail over the Constitution only “subject to applicable law”. In particular, shareholders cannot usurp powers which the company’s co”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 188Case

    “eight on the Parliamentary statements which the appellant in that case relied on because those statements did not relate to the specific issue before the court which was whether in passing Art 164 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (the “Constitution”), Parliament retained for”

  • Referred to[2018] SGHC 222Case

    “sts on their Facebook profiles. The Respondents first raised a constitutional challenge to the validity of s 3(1)(a), in view of their rights to freedom of speech and expression under Art 14(1)(a) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”). The Respondents also den”

  • Referred to[2018] SGCA 70Case

    “(i) The PP’s role amounts to a usurpation of judicial power, and thus violates the principle of separation of powers which is part of the basic structure of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution”). This court’s reasoning in Prabagaran rejecting a similar argument w”

  • Referred to[2018] SGCA 85Case

    “Beginning first with the Intervention Issue, the Judge determined that, as part of the AG’s responsibilities contemplated by Art 35(7) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev Ed, 1999 Reprint) (“the Constitution” and “Art 35(7) Constitution”), the AG has a duty to intervene (even in private litigatio”

Showing 50 of 210

Common questions

What is Constitution of the Republic of Singapore?
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is Singapore Constitution, cited as Constitution CONS 1963, currently marked in force and first recorded in 1963.
Is Constitution of the Republic of Singapore still in force?
Yes — Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is currently in force.
When did Constitution of the Republic of Singapore take effect?
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore was first recorded in 1963.
How many clauses does Constitution of the Republic of Singapore have?
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore contains 669 clauses.
What amends Constitution of the Republic of Singapore?
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore has been amended by Act 28 of 2016, Act 32 of 2021 wef 14/01/2022, Act 38 of 2019, Act 39 of 2014, and Act 12 of 2004, and 19 others.
Where can I read the official version of Constitution of the Republic of Singapore?
The official text of Constitution of the Republic of Singapore is published at sso.agc.gov.sg.

Something wrong on this page?

If one provision's text doesn't match the official source, use Suggest a fix beside that provision — it opens an editor next to the source document. For anything else — a missing amendment, a broken link, out-of-date content, or a removal request — report it here.