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Part 7 · Competition and Consumer Protection

60B. Meaning of “associate”

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Amended

Last amended by an amending law of 2026.

In this Part, a person (A) is an associate of another person (B) if —

(a)

A is the spouse, or a parent, step-parent or remoter lineal ancestor, or a child, step-child or remoter issue, or a sibling or step-sibling of B;

(b)

A is a corporation whose directors are accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of B or, where B is a corporation, of the directors of B;

(c)

B is a corporation whose directors are accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of A or, where A is a corporation, of the directors of A;

(d)

A is a person who is accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of B or, where B is a corporation, of the directors of B;

(e)

B is a person who is accustomed or under an obligation, whether formal or informal, to act in accordance with the directions, instructions or wishes of A or, where A is a corporation, of the directors of A;

(f)

A is a related corporation of B or B is a related corporation of A;

(g)

A is a corporation in which B, alone or together with other associates of B as described in paragraphs (b) to (f), is in a position to control not less than 12% of the voting power in A;

(h)

B is a corporation in which A, alone or together with other associates of A as described in paragraphs (b) to (f), is in a position to control not less than 12% of the voting power in B;

(i)

A is a person with whom B has an agreement or arrangement, whether oral or in writing and whether express or implied, to act together with respect to the acquisition, holding or disposal of shares, units or other equity interests in, or with respect to the exercise of their voting power in relation to, a regulated person;

(j)

A is related to B in such other manner as may be prescribed.

Report

Part 8

Administration and Enforcement

Part 9

Transfer of Undertakings and Personnel to Authority

Part 10

Repeal, Saving and Transitional Provisions