Schedule 4

Performance of tests with specimens representing LSA-III material, or special form radioactive material, or low dispersible radioactive material, or with prototypes or samples of the packaging, where the contents of the specimen or the packaging for the tests shall simulate as closely as practicable the expected range of radioactive contents, and the specimen or packaging to be tested shall be prepared as presented for transport.(b)Reference to previous satisfactory demonstrations of a sufficiently similar nature.(c)Performance of tests with models of appropriate scale incorporating those features which are significant with respect to the item under investigation, when engineering experience has shown results of such tests to be suitable for design purposes. When a scale model is used, the need for adjusting certain test parameters, such as penetrator diameter or compressive load, shall be taken into account.(d)Calculation, or reasoned argument, when the calculation procedures and parameters are generally agreed to be reliable or conservative.

The tests which shall be performed on specimens that comprise or simulate special form radioactive material are: the impact test, the percussion test, the bending test and the heat test.(2) A different specimen may be used for each of the tests.(3) After each test specified in paragraph 2 of this Section, a leaching assessment or volumetric leakage test shall be performed on the specimen by a method no less sensitive than the methods given in paragraph 3(1) of this Section for indispersible solid material and paragraph 3(2) of this Section for encapsulated material.Test methods2.—

The test methods shall be follows:

Impact test:The specimen shall drop onto the target from a height of 9 m. The target shall be as defined in paragraph 3 of Section E.(b)Percussion test:The specimen shall be placed on a sheet of lead which is supported by a smooth solid surface and struck by the flat face of a mild steel bar so as to cause an impact equivalent to that resulting from a free drop of 1.4 kg through 1 m. The lower part of the bar shall be 25 mm in diameter with the edges rounded off to a radius of (3.0 + 0.3) mm. The lead, of hardness number 3.5 to 4.5 on the Vickers scale and not more than 25 mm thick, shall cover an area greater than that covered by the specimen. A fresh surface of lead shall be used for each impact. The bar shall strike the specimen so as to cause maximum damage.(c)Bending test:The test shall apply only to long, slender sources with both a minimum length of 10 cm and a length to minimum width ratio of not less than 10. The specimen shall be rigidly clamped in a horizontal position so that one half of its length protrudes from the face of the clamp. The orientation of the specimen shall be such that the specimen will suffer maximum damage when its free end is struck by the flat face of a steel bar. The bar shall strike the specimen so as to cause an impact equivalent to that resulting from a free vertical drop of 1.4 kg through 1 m. The lower part of the bar shall be 25 mm in diameter with the edges rounded off to a radius of (3.0 + 0.3) mm.(d)Heat test:The specimen shall be heated in air to a temperature of 800°C and held at that temperature for a period of 10 minutes and shall then be allowed to cool.(2) Specimens that comprise or simulate radioactive material enclosed in a sealed capsule may be excepted from —

the tests prescribed in paragraphs 2(1)(a) and (b) of this Section provided they are alternatively subjected to the Class 4 impact test prescribed in the provisions on “Sealed Radioactive Sources — Classification” in the International Organisation for Standardisation document ISO 2919, or where there is a latest revision, that revision; and

the test prescribed in paragraph 2(1)(d) of this Section provided they are alternatively subjected to the Class 6 temperature test specified in the provisions on “Sealed Radioactive Sources — Classification” in the International Organisation for Standardisation document ISO 2919, or where there is a latest revision, that revision.Leaching and volumetric leakage assessment methods3.—

For specimens which comprise or simulate indispersible solid material, a leaching assessment shall be performed as follows:

The specimen shall be immersed for 7 days in water at ambient temperature. The volume of water to be used in the test shall be sufficient to ensure that, at the end of the 7 days, the free volume of the unabsorbed and unreacted water remaining shall be at least 10% of the volume of the solid test sample itself. The water shall have an initial pH of 6-8 and a maximum conductivity of 1 mS/m at 20°C.(b)The water with specimen shall then be heated to a temperature of (50 ± 5)°C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours.(c)The activity of the water shall then be determined.(d)The specimen shall then be stored for at least 7 days in still air at not less than 30°C and relative humidity of not less than 90%.(e)The specimen shall then be immersed in water of the same specification as in (a) above and the water with the specimen heated to (50 ± 5)°C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours.(f)The activity of the water shall then be determined.(2) For specimens which comprise or simulate radioactive material enclosed in a sealed capsule, either a leaching assessment or a volumetric leakage assessment shall be performed as follows:

The leaching assessment shall consist of the following steps:

The specimen shall be immersed in water at ambient temperature. The water shall have an initial pH of 6-8 with a maximum conductivity of 1 mS/m at 20°C.(ii)The water and specimen shall be heated to a temperature of (50 ± 5)°C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours.(iii)The activity of the water shall then be determined.(iv)The specimen shall then be stored for at least 7 days in still air at a temperature not less than 30°C and relative humidity of not less than 90%.(v)The process in (i), (ii) and (iii) shall be repeated.(b)The alternative volumetric leakage assessment shall comprise any of the tests prescribed in the provisions on “Radiation Protection — Sealed Radioactive Sources — Leakage Test Methods” in the International Organisation for Standardisation document ISO 9978, or where there is a latest revision, that revision, which are acceptable to the Chief Executive.Section D — Tests For Low Dispersible Radioactive MaterialsA specimen that comprises or simulates low dispersible radioactive material shall be subjected to the enhanced thermal test specified in paragraph 10(3) of Section E and the impact test specified in paragraph 10(4) of Section E. A different specimen may be used for each of the tests. Following each test, the specimen shall be subjected to the leach test specified in Section B. After each test, it shall be determined if the applicable requirements of regulation 41 have been met.Section E — Tests For PackagesPreparation of a specimen for testing1.—

All specimens shall be examined before testing in order to identify and record faults or damage, including —

divergence from the design;

defects in manufacture;

corrosion or other deterioration; and

distortion of features.(2) The containment system of the package shall be clearly specified.(3) The external features of the specimen shall be clearly identified so that reference may be made simply and clearly to any part of such specimen.Testing the integrity of the containment and shielding and assessing criticality safety

faults and damage shall be identified and recorded;

it shall be determined whether the integrity of the containment system and shielding has been retained to the extent required in Part VII of these Regulations for the packaging under test; and

for packages containing fissile material, it shall be determined whether the assumptions and conditions made in regulations 51 to 54 for one or more packages are valid.Target for drop test

The tests for demonstrating ability to withstand normal conditions of transport are the water spray test, the free drop test, the stacking test and the penetration test. Specimens of the package shall be subjected to the free drop test, the stacking test and the penetration test, preceded in each case by the water spray test. One specimen may be used for all the tests, provided that the requirements of paragraph 5(2) of this Section are fulfilled.(2) The time interval between the conclusion of the water spray test and the succeeding test shall be such that the water has soaked in to the maximum extent, without appreciable drying of the exterior of the specimen. In the absence of any evidence to the contrary, this interval shall be taken to be 2 hours if the water spray is applied from 4 directions simultaneously. No time interval shall elapse, however, if the water spray is applied from each of the 4 directions consecutively.(3) Water spray test: The specimen shall be subjected to a water spray test that simulates exposure to rainfall of approximately 5 cm per hour for at least one hour.(4) Free drop test: The specimen shall drop onto the target so as to suffer maximum damage in respect of the safety features to be tested.(a)The height of drop measured from the lowest point of the specimen to the upper surface of the target shall be not less than the distance specified in the Table to this Schedule for the applicable mass. The target shall be as defined in paragraph 3 of this Section.(b)For rectangular fibreboard or wood packages not exceeding a mass of 50 kg, a separate specimen shall be subjected to a free drop onto each corner from a height of 0.3 m.(c)For cylindrical fibreboard packages not exceeding a mass of 100 kg, a separate specimen shall be subjected to a free drop onto each of the quarters of each rim from a height of 0.3 m.(5) Stacking test: Unless the shape of the packaging effectively prevents stacking, the specimen shall be subjected, for a period of 24 hours to a compressive load equal to the greater of the following:

the equivalent of 5 times the mass of the actual package; or

the equivalent of 13 kPa multiplied by the vertically projected area of the package.The load shall be applied uniformly to 2 opposite sides of the specimen, one of which shall be the base on which the package would normally rest.(6) Penetration test: The specimen shall be placed on a rigid, flat, horizontal surface which will not move significantly while the test is being carried out.(a)A bar of 3.2 cm in diameter with a hemispherical end and a mass of 6 kg shall be dropped and directed to fall, with its longitudinal axis vertical, onto the centre of the weakest part of the specimen, so that, if it penetrates sufficiently far, it will hit the containment system. The bar shall not be significantly deformed by the test performance.(b)The height of drop of the bar measured from its lower end to the intended point of impact on the upper surface of the specimen shall be 1 m.Additional tests for Type A packages designed for liquids and gases

The specimen shall be subjected to the cumulative effects of the tests specified in paragraphs 7(2) and (3) of this Section, in that order. Following these tests, either this specimen or a separate specimen shall be subjected to the effects of the water immersion test as specified in paragraph 7(4) of this Section and, if applicable, paragraph 8 of this Section.(2) Mechanical test: The mechanical test consists of 3 different drop tests. Each specimen shall be subjected to the applicable drops as specified in regulation 48(8) or regulation 54. The order in which the specimen is subjected to the drops shall be such that, on completion of the mechanical test, the specimen shall have suffered such damage as will lead to the maximum damage in the thermal test which follows:

For drop I, the specimen shall be dropped onto the target so as to suffer the maximum damage, and the height of the drop measured from the lowest point of the specimen to the upper surface of the target shall be 9 m. The target shall be as defined in paragraph 3 of this Section.(b)For drop II, the specimen shall be dropped so as to suffer the maximum damage onto a bar rigidly mounted perpendicularly on the target. The height of the drop measured from the intended point of impact of the specimen to the upper surface of the bar shall be 1 m. The bar shall be of solid mild steel of circular section, (15.0 ± 0.5) cm in diameter, and 20 cm long unless a longer bar would cause greater damage, in which case a bar of sufficient length to cause maximum damage shall be used. The upper end of the bar shall be flat and horizontal with its edges rounded off to a radius of not more than 6 mm. The target on which the bar is mounted shall be as described in paragraph 3 of this Section.(c)For drop III, the specimen shall be subjected to a dynamic crush test by positioning the specimen on the target so as to suffer maximum damage by the drop of a 500 kg mass from 9 m onto the specimen. The mass shall consist of a solid mild steel plate 1 m by 1 m and shall fall in a horizontal attitude. The height of the drop shall be measured from the underside of the plate to the highest point of the specimen. The target on which the specimen rests shall be as defined in paragraph 3 of this Section.(3) Thermal test: The specimen shall be in thermal equilibrium under conditions of an ambient temperature of 38°C, subject to the solar insolation conditions specified in Table 8 of the Third Schedule and subject to the design maximum rate of internal heat generation within the package from the radioactive contents. Alternatively, any of these parameters are allowed to have different values prior to and during the test, providing due account is taken of them in the subsequent assessment of package response.The thermal test shall then consist of:

exposure of a specimen for a period of 30 minutes to a thermal environment which provides a heat flux at least equivalent to that of a hydrocarbon fuel/air fire in sufficiently quiescent ambient conditions to give a minimum average flame emissivity coefficient of 0.9 and an average temperature of at least 800°C, fully engulfing the specimen, with a surface absorptivity coefficient of 0.8 or that value which the package may be demonstrated to possess if exposed to the fire specified, followed by;

exposure of the specimen to an ambient temperature of 38°C subject to the solar insolation conditions specified in Table 8 of the Third Schedule and subject to the design maximum rate of internal heat generation within the package by the radioactive contents for a sufficient period to ensure that temperatures in the specimen are everywhere decreasing and/or are approaching initial steady state conditions.Alternatively, any of these parameters are allowed to have different values following cessation of heating, providing due account is taken of them in the subsequent assessment of package response.During and following the test the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the specimen shall be permitted to proceed naturally.(4) Water immersion test: The specimen shall be immersed under a head of water of at least 15 m for a period of not less than 8 hours in the attitude which will lead to maximum damage. For demonstration purposes, an external gauge pressure of at least 150 kPa shall be considered to meet these conditions.Enhanced water immersion test for Type B(U) and Type B(M) packages containing more than 105 A2 and Type C packages

Packages for which water in-leakage or out-leakage to the extent which results in greatest reactivity has been assumed for purposes of assessment under regulations 52 to 54 shall be excepted from the water leakage test.(2) Before the specimen is subjected to the water leakage test specified below, it shall be subjected to the tests in paragraph 7(2)(b) and either paragraph 7(2)(a) or (c) in this Section as required by paragraph 48(8), and the test specified in paragraph 7(3) of this Section.(3) The specimen shall be immersed under a head of water of at least 0.9 m for a period of not less than 8 hours and in the attitude for which maximum leakage is expected.Tests for Type C packages10.—

Specimens shall be subjected to the effects of each of the following test sequences in the orders specified:

the tests specified in paragraphs 7(2)(a), 7(2)(c), 10(b) and 10(c) of this Section; and

the test specified in sub-paragraph (4).Separate specimens are allowed to be used for each of the sequences (a) and (b).(2) Puncture/tearing test: The specimen shall be subjected to the damaging effects of a solid probe made of mild steel. The orientation of the probe to the surface of the specimen shall be such as to cause maximum damage at the conclusion of the test sequence specified in sub-paragraph (1)(a).(a)The specimen, representing a package having a mass less than 250 kg, shall be placed on a target and subjected to a probe having a mass of 250 kg falling from a height of 3 m above the intended impact point. For this test the probe shall be a 20 cm diameter cylindrical bar with the striking end forming a frustum of a right circular cone with the following dimensions: 30 cm height and 2.5 cm diameter at the top. The target on which the specimen is placed shall be as specified in paragraph 3 of this Section.(b)For packages having a mass of 250 kg or more, the base of the probe shall be placed on a target and the specimen dropped onto the probe. The height of the drop, measured from the point of impact with the specimen to the upper surface of the probe shall be 3 m. For this test the probe shall have the same properties and dimensions as specified in sub-paragraph (a) above, except that the length and mass of the probe shall be such as to incur maximum damage to the specimen. The target on which the base of the probe is placed shall be as specified in paragraph 3 of this Section.(3) Enhanced thermal test: The conditions for this test shall be as specified in paragraph 7(3), except that the exposure to the thermal environment shall be for a period of 60 minutes.(4) Impact test: The specimen shall be subject to an impact on a target at a velocity of not less than 90 m/s, at such an orientation as to suffer maximum damage. The target shall be as defined in paragraph 3 of this Section.Table — FREE DROP DISTANCE FOR TESTING PACKAGES TO NORMAL CONDITIONS OF TRANSPORTPackage mass (kg)Free drop distance(m)package mass < 5 0001.25 000 < package mass < 10 0000.910 000 < package mass < 15 0000.615 000 < package mass0.3