Gambling Control Act 2022 · Updated to 21 Sep 2026 · Part 11 · Miscellaneous
131. Offences by unincorporated associations or partnerships
Last amended by an amending law of 2024.
Official textFrom Singapore Statutes Online, unchanged
Where, in a proceeding for an offence under this Act, it is necessary to prove the state of mind of an unincorporated association or a partnership in relation to a particular conduct, evidence that —
offence under this Act
“offence under this Act” includes an offence under any Regulations;
an employee or agent of the unincorporated association or partnership engaged in that conduct within the scope of his or her actual or apparent authority; and
the employee or agent had that state of mind,is evidence that the unincorporated association or partnership had that state of mind.
Where an unincorporated association or a partnership commits an offence under this Act, a person —
unincorporated association
“unincorporated association” means a society or body unincorporate which, under any written law, may sue or be sued, or hold property, in the name of an officer of the society or body duly appointed for that purpose;
who is —
an officer of the unincorporated association or a member of its governing body;
a partner in the partnership; or
an individual involved in the management of the unincorporated association or partnership and in a position to influence the conduct of the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be) in relation to the commission of the offence; and
who —
consented or connived, or conspired with others, to effect the commission of the offence;
is in any other way, whether by act or omission, knowingly concerned in, or is party to, the commission of the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership; or
knew or ought reasonably to have known that the offence by the unincorporated association or partnership (or an offence of the same type) would be or is being committed, and failed to take all reasonable steps to prevent or stop the commission of that offence,shall be guilty of the same offence as is the unincorporated association or partnership (as the case may be), and shall be liable on conviction to be punished accordingly.
A person mentioned in subsection (2) may rely on a defence that would be available to the unincorporated association or partnership if it were charged with the offence with which the person is charged and, in doing so, the person bears the same burden of proof that the unincorporated association or partnership would bear.
To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the application of —
Chapters 5 and 5A of the Penal Code 1871; or
the Evidence Act 1893 or any other law or practice regarding the admissibility of evidence.
To avoid doubt, subsection (2) also does not affect the liability of an unincorporated association or a partnership for an offence under this Act, and applies whether or not the unincorporated association or partnership is convicted of the offence.
In this section —
“partner” includes a person purporting to act as a partner;
partner
“partner”, in relation to a limited partnership, includes a limited partner in the limited partnership;
“reasonable steps” has the meaning given by section 130, except that any reference to the corporation is a reference to the unincorporated association or partnership mentioned in subsection (2);
corporation
“corporation” means a body corporate formed or incorporated or existing in or outside Singapore, and includes any foreign company within the meaning of the Companies Act 1967;
“state of mind” of a person includes —
the knowledge, intention, opinion, belief or purpose of the person; and
the person’s reasons for the intention, opinion, belief or purpose.
The Minister may make rules to provide for the application of any provision of this section, with such modifications as the Minister considers appropriate, to any unincorporated association or partnership formed or recognised under the law of a territory outside Singapore.
Terms defined in s 3
Authority
Defined · s 3“Authority” means the Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore, which is the Casino Regulatory Authority of Singapore continued and renamed under section 3 of the Gambling Regulatory Authority of Singapore Act 2022;
corporation
Defined · s 3“corporation” means a body corporate formed or incorporated or existing in or outside Singapore, and includes any foreign company within the meaning of the Companies Act 1967;
offence under this Act
Defined · s 3“offence under this Act” includes an offence under any Regulations;
partner
Defined · s 3“partner”, in relation to a limited partnership, includes a limited partner in the limited partnership;
unincorporated association
Defined · s 3“unincorporated association” means a society or body unincorporate which, under any written law, may sue or be sued, or hold property, in the name of an officer of the society or body duly appointed for that purpose;
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Part 12
Amendments to Casino Control Act 2006
Part 13