Singapore legislation
Regulation 94
of Air Navigation (125 — Complex General Aviation) Regulations 2018
Regulation 94
Ground proximity warning system
Subregulation 1
A CGAC holder must ensure that an aircraft that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with a ground proximity warning system which has a forward‑looking terrain avoidance function if the aircraft is to be operated for its complex general aviation operations:
a turbine‑powered aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg and with an MAPSC exceeding 5 but not exceeding 9 seats;
a turbine‑powered aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, or with an MAPSC exceeding 9 seats;
a piston engine aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, or with an MAPSC exceeding 9 seats.
Subregulation 2
Subject to paragraph (3), the ground proximity warning system required to be installed in any aeroplane described in paragraph (1) —
must provide an automatic and distinctive warning to the flight crew when the aircraft is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’s surface; and
must provide warnings in the following circumstances:
excessive descent rate;
excessive altitude loss after take‑off or go‑around;
unsafe terrain clearance.
Subregulation 3
If the aeroplane described in paragraph (1)(b) has a Certificate of Airworthiness that is first issued after 1 January 2011, the ground proximity warning system required to be installed in accordance with paragraph (1) —
must provide an automatic and distinctive warning to the flight crew when the aircraft is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’s surface; and
must provide warnings in the following circumstances:
excessive descent rate;
excessive terrain closure rate;
excessive altitude loss after take‑off or go‑around;
unsafe terrain clearance while not in the landing configuration:
gear not locked down;
flaps not in a landing position;
excessive descent below the instrument glide path.