Dental Registration Act

“appropriate register” means any of the registers referred to in section 13(1), as appropriate;

“Board” means the Health Promotion Board established under the Health Promotion Board Act (Cap. 122B);

“certificate of registration” means a certificate of registration issued under section 16 or 21D;

“Chief Dental Officer” means the Chief Dental Officer of the Ministry of Health;

“Council” means the Singapore Dental Council established under section 3(1);

“Disciplinary Committee” means a Disciplinary Committee appointed under section 37;

“healthcare professional” includes a medical practitioner, a dentist, a nurse, a midwife, a pharmacist, a Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioner and any other person who is licensed to provide any other healthcare services in Singapore;

“Health Committee” means the Health Committee appointed under section 48;

“practice of dentistry” includes —

“practising certificate” means a practising certificate granted under section 17 or 21E;

“President” means the President of the Singapore Dental Council;

“registered dentist” means a person who is registered as a dentist under this Act and includes a person deemed to be a registered dentist under section 64(1), and “registered as a dentist” and “registration as a dentist” have corresponding meanings;

“registered oral health therapist” means a person registered as an oral health therapist under section 21A;

“Registrar” means the Registrar of the Council;

“repealed Act” means the Dentists Act (Cap. 76, 1985 Ed.) repealed by this Act;

“Singapore degree” means a degree or diploma in dentistry from the University of Singapore or the National University of Singapore.

For the purpose of enabling Complaints Committees and Disciplinary Committees to be constituted in accordance with this Part, the Council shall appoint a panel (referred to in this Act as the Complaints Panel) consisting of —

The term of office of a member of the Complaints Panel referred to in subsection (1)(a) shall expire at the end of his term of office as member of the Council, and a member of the Complaints Panel referred to in subsection (1)(b), (c) or (d) shall be appointed for a term of 2 years; and any member shall be eligible for reappointment.

The Council may at any time remove from office any member of the Complaints Panel or fill any vacancy in its membership.

The Council shall appoint a member of the Complaints Panel who is a member of the Council to be the chairman of the Complaints Panel.

Any —

The Council may, on its own motion, refer any information on the conviction of a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist of any offence implying a defect in character which makes him unfit for his profession to the chairman of the Complaints Panel.

Where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist has contravened section 31 or 31A, or has been convicted in Singapore or elsewhere of an offence involving fraud or dishonesty, the Council shall, notwithstanding subsection (1) or (2), immediately refer the matter to a Disciplinary Committee under section 37.

Every complaint made or information given shall be in writing and shall be supported by such statutory declaration as the Council may require except that no statutory declaration shall be required if the complaint or information is made or given by any public officer.

The chairman of the Complaints Panel may from time to time appoint one or more committees (to be known for the purposes of this Act as Complaints Committees) consisting of —

A Complaints Committee shall be appointed in connection with one or more matters or for such fixed period of time as the chairman of the Complaints Panel may think fit.

Where any complaint or information mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b) or (2) is referred to the chairman of the Complaints Panel, the chairman of the Complaints Panel shall lay the complaint or information before a Complaints Committee.

Where any complaint or information mentioned in subsection (1)(c) is referred to the chairman of the Complaints Panel, the chairman of the Complaints Panel shall —

The chairman of the Complaints Panel may at any time revoke the appointment of any Complaints Committee or may remove any member of a Complaints Committee or fill any vacancy in a Complaints Committee.

No act done by or under the authority of a Complaints Committee shall be invalid in consequence of any defect that is subsequently discovered in the appointment or qualification of the members or any of them.

All the members of a Complaints Committee shall be present to constitute a quorum for a meeting of the Complaints Committee and any resolution or decision in writing signed by all the members of a Complaints Committee shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been made or reached at a meeting of the Complaints Committee where all its members were present.

A Complaints Committee may meet for the purposes of its inquiry, adjourn and otherwise regulate the conduct of its inquiry as the members may think fit.

The chairman of a Complaints Committee may at any time summon a meeting of the Complaints Committee.

All members of a Complaints Committee present at any meeting thereof shall vote on any question arising at the meeting and such question shall be determined by a majority of votes and, in the case of an equality of votes, the chairman shall have a casting vote.

A member of a Complaints Committee shall, notwithstanding that he has ceased to be a member of the Complaints Panel on the expiry of his term of office, be deemed to be a member of the Complaints Panel until such time as the Complaints Committee has completed its work.

A Complaints Committee shall inquire into any complaint or information, or any information or evidence referred to in subsection (9), and complete its preliminary inquiry not later than 3 months from —

Where a Complaints Committee is of the opinion that it will not be able to complete its preliminary inquiry within the period specified in subsection (1) due to the complexity of the matter or serious difficulties encountered by the Complaints Committee in conducting its preliminary inquiry, the Complaints Committee may apply in writing to the chairman of the Complaints Panel for an extension of time to complete its inquiry and the chairman of the Complaints Panel may grant such extension of time to the Complaints Committee as he thinks fit.

For the purposes of any inquiry, a Complaints Committee may —

Any registered dentist, registered oral health therapist or any other person who, without lawful excuse —

All such information, including such book, document, paper or other record used by the Complaints Committee in the course of its deliberations, shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed to any person including the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist unless the Complaints Committee in its discretion thinks otherwise.

The Complaints Committee may, at any time before it makes its findings, seek such legal advice as it thinks necessary.

Where a Complaints Committee is of the opinion that a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist should be called upon to answer any allegation made against him, the Complaints Committee shall post or deliver to that registered dentist or registered oral health therapist —

The registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned shall not have the right to be heard by the Complaints Committee, whether in person or by counsel, unless the Complaints Committee in its absolute discretion otherwise allows.

Where, in the course of its inquiry, a Complaints Committee receives information touching on or evidence of the conduct or physical or mental fitness of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned which may give rise to proceedings under this Part, the Complaints Committee may, after giving notice to him, decide on its own motion to inquire into that matter.

Where the complainant withdraws his complaint before —

Any member of the Council who is employed in the Ministry of Health shall not be disqualified from being a member of a Complaints Committee or Disciplinary Committee or the Health Committee by reason only that he or the complainant is so employed.

Upon due inquiry into the complaint or information, or any information or evidence referred to in section 35(9), a Complaints Committee shall —

Where a Complaints Committee determines that a formal inquiry is necessary, it shall order that the inquiry be held by the Health Committee if the complaint, information or evidence touches upon the physical or mental fitness of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist to practise.

Where a Complaints Committee has made an order for a formal inquiry to be held by a Disciplinary Committee, the Council shall immediately appoint a Disciplinary Committee which shall hear and investigate the complaint or matter.

Where a Complaints Committee has ordered that a letter of advice be issued, the chairman of the Complaints Committee shall issue a letter of advice in such terms as it thinks fit.

A Complaints Committee shall notify the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned and the person who made the complaint or gave the information under section 34(1) of its decision under subsection (1) and, if it makes an order under subsection (1)(a), the reason for making the order.

Any registered dentist or registered oral health therapist who is aggrieved by any order of a Complaints Committee under subsection (1)(a) may, within 30 days of being notified of the determination of the Complaints Committee, appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final.

Where the person who has made the complaint or given the information to the Council is dissatisfied with any order of a Complaints Committee under subsection (1)(a), he may, within 30 days of being notified of the determination of the Complaints Committee, appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final.

The Minister may make —

Every Complaints Committee shall immediately report to the Council its findings and the order or orders made.

The President may, from time to time, appoint one or more committees consisting of —

A member of a Complaints Committee inquiring into any matter concerning a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist shall not be a member of a Disciplinary Committee inquiring into the same matter.

The member of a Disciplinary Committee who is an observer shall not vote on any question or matter to be decided by the Disciplinary Committee and need not be present at every meeting of the Disciplinary Committee.

A Disciplinary Committee may be appointed in connection with one or more matters or for a fixed period of time as the Council may think fit.

The Council may at any time revoke the appointment of any Disciplinary Committee or may remove any member of a Disciplinary Committee or fill any vacancy in a Disciplinary Committee.

No act done by or under the authority of a Disciplinary Committee shall be invalid in consequence of any defect that is subsequently discovered in the appointment or qualification of the members or any of them.

Except as provided by subsection (3) —

A Disciplinary Committee shall meet from time to time to inquire into any matter referred to it by the Council and may regulate its own procedure.

A member of a Disciplinary Committee shall, notwithstanding that he has ceased to be a member of the Council or Complaints Panel on the expiry of his term of office, continue to be a member of the Disciplinary Committee until such time the Disciplinary Committee has completed its work.

The registered dentist or registered oral health therapist may appear in person or be represented by counsel.

A Disciplinary Committee shall not be bound to act in any formal manner and shall not be bound by the provisions of the Evidence Act (Cap. 97) or by any other written law relating to evidence but may inform itself on any matter in such manner as it thinks fit.

A Disciplinary Committee may, for the purpose of any proceedings before it, administer oaths and any party to the proceedings may sue out subpoenas to testify and to produce documents.

The subpoenas referred to in subsection (5) shall be served and may be enforced as if they were subpoenas issued in connection with a civil action in the High Court.

Any person giving evidence before a Disciplinary Committee shall be legally bound to tell the truth.

Witnesses shall have the same privileges and immunities in relation to hearings before a Disciplinary Committee as if they were proceedings in a court of law.

A Disciplinary Committee shall carry out its work expeditiously and may apply to the Council for an extension of time and for directions to be given to the Disciplinary Committee if the Disciplinary Committee fails to make its finding and order within 6 months from the date of its appointment.

When an application for extension of time has been made under subsection (9), the Council may grant an extension of time for such period as it thinks fit.

In sections 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 179, 182 and 228 of the Penal Code (Cap. 224), “public servant” shall be deemed to include a member of a Disciplinary Committee taking part in any investigation under this section, and in sections 193 and 228 of the Penal Code, “judicial proceeding” shall be deemed to include any such investigation.

Where, in the course of inquiring into the case of a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist, it appears to a Disciplinary Committee that his fitness to practise may be impaired by reason of his physical or mental condition, the Disciplinary Committee may refer that question to the Health Committee for determination.

If, on a reference under this section, the Health Committee determines that the fitness of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist to practise is not impaired by reason of his condition, the Health Committee shall certify its opinion to the Disciplinary Committee.

If, on a reference under this section, the Health Committee determines that the fitness of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist to practise is impaired by reason of his condition, the Health Committee shall —

Where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist is found or judged by a Disciplinary Committee —

The powers referred to in subsection (1) are as follows:

In any proceedings instituted under this Part against a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist consequent upon his conviction for a criminal offence, a Disciplinary Committee and the High Court on appeal from any order of the Disciplinary Committee shall accept his conviction as final and conclusive.

A Disciplinary Committee may under subsection (2) order the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned to pay to the Council such sums as it thinks fit in respect of costs and expenses of and incidental to any proceedings before the Disciplinary Committee and, where applicable, an Interim Orders Committee.

The High Court shall have jurisdiction to tax such costs referred to in subsection (4) and any such order for costs made shall be enforceable as if it were ordered in connection with a civil action in the High Court.

The Disciplinary Committee in ordering that costs be paid by the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist under this section may certify that costs for more than one solicitor be paid if it is satisfied that the issues involved in the proceedings are of sufficient complexity, and the certification by the Disciplinary Committee shall have the same effect as if it were a certification by a Judge in a civil action in the High Court.

The costs and expenses referred to in subsection (4) shall include —

Where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist in respect of whom an order is made under section 40(2)(c), or an order for interim restricted registration is made under section 49C(1)(b) or 49E(1)(d), is judged by a Disciplinary Committee (whether, in the case of an order under section 40(2)(c), it is the Disciplinary Committee that made the order or another Disciplinary Committee appointed in its place) to have failed to comply with any of the requirements imposed on him as conditions of his registration, the Disciplinary Committee may, if it thinks fit, order —

Where a Disciplinary Committee has made an order for suspension under subsection (1)(b) or section 40(2)(b), the Disciplinary Committee may order that the registration of the person whose registration is suspended shall, as from the expiry of the current period of suspension, be restricted in such manner as it thinks fit for a period not exceeding 3 years.

Where a Disciplinary Committee has made an order for suspension under subsection (1)(b) or section 40(2)(b) against a person and that person has failed to comply with that order, the Disciplinary Committee or another Disciplinary Committee appointed in its place may, if it thinks fit, order —

Where a Disciplinary Committee has made an order under section 40(2)(c), the Disciplinary Committee or another Disciplinary Committee appointed in its place may revoke the order or revoke or vary any of the conditions imposed by the order.

Subsection (1) shall apply to a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist whose registration is subject to conditions imposed by an order made under subsection (2) or (3) as it applies to a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist whose registration is subject to conditions imposed by an order for restricted registration made under section 40(2)(c), and subsection (4) shall apply accordingly.

Where a Disciplinary Committee has made an order or has varied the conditions imposed by an order under this section, the Registrar shall immediately serve on the person to whom the order applies a notice of the order or the variation.

Any person who is aggrieved by any order referred to in subsection (6) may, within 30 days after the service on him of the notice of the order, appeal to the High Court against the order and there shall be no appeal from the decision of that Court.

In any appeal to the High Court against an order referred to in subsection (6), the High Court shall accept as final and conclusive any finding of the Disciplinary Committee relating to any issue of professional ethics or standards of professional conduct unless such finding is in the opinion of the High Court unsafe, unreasonable or contrary to the evidence.

Subject to subsection (10), an order made by a Disciplinary Committee for the removal of any name or for suspension of registration under subsection (1) or (3) or section 40(2) shall not take effect until the expiration of 30 days after the order is made.

On making an order for the removal of any name or for suspension of registration under subsection (1) or (3) or section 40(2), a Disciplinary Committee may, if it is satisfied that to do so is necessary for the protection of members of the public or would be in the best interests of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned, order that his registration in the appropriate register be suspended or that his name be removed from the appropriate register immediately.

Where an order under subsection (10) is made, the Registrar shall immediately serve a notice of the order on the person to whom it applies and if that person was present or represented at the proceedings of the Disciplinary Committee, the order shall take effect from the time the order is made.

Where the person concerned is neither present nor represented at the proceedings of the Disciplinary Committee, the order made under subsection (10) shall take effect from the time of service of the notice of the order on him.

An order of a Disciplinary Committee, other than an order for the removal of any name or for suspension of registration under subsection (1) or (3) or section 40(2), shall take effect from the time the order is made.

Notwithstanding anything in this section, where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist has appealed to the High Court against an order of a Disciplinary Committee under subsection (7), the order shall not take effect unless the order is confirmed by the High Court or the appeal is for any reason dismissed by the High Court or is withdrawn.

While any order of suspension of registration remains in force, the person concerned shall not be regarded as being registered under this Act notwithstanding that his name still appears in the appropriate register, but immediately on the expiry of such order his rights and privileges as a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist shall be revived as from the date of such expiry provided that the dentist or oral health therapist, as the case may be, has complied with all the terms of the order.

Where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist is not found or judged by a Disciplinary Committee to have been convicted or guilty of any matter referred to in section 40(1), the Disciplinary Committee shall dismiss the complaint or matter.

Where the name of a dentist or an oral health therapist has been removed from an appropriate register pursuant to an order made by a Disciplinary Committee under section 40 or 41, the Council may, upon application by the dentist or oral health therapist and if it thinks fit, direct —

No application for the restoration of a name to an appropriate register under this section shall be made to the Council —

There shall be a committee to be known as the Health Committee comprising not less than 3 members of the Council, to be appointed by the President, which shall inquire into any case referred to it under this Act.

The President shall appoint one of the members of the Health Committee as the chairman of the Committee.

A member of the Health Committee shall be appointed for a term of 2 years and shall be eligible for reappointment.

(Deleted by Act 22 of 2007)

(Deleted by Act 22 of 2007)

The Council may, with the approval of the Minister, appoint medical assessors to assist the Health Committee in its inquiry, and pay to the medical assessors, as part of the expenses of the Council, such remuneration as the Council may determine.

Where the fitness of a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist to practise dentistry is judged by the Health Committee to be impaired by reason of his physical or mental condition, the Health Committee may exercise one or more of the following powers: (a)order that he pays to the Council costs and expenses of and incidental to any inquiry or hearing by the Health Committee and, where applicable, an Interim Orders Committee;

Where a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist in respect of whom an order for restricted registration is made under subsection (1)(c), or an interim restricted registration is made under section 49C(1)(b) or 49E(1)(d), is judged by the Health Committee to have failed to comply with any of the requirements imposed on him as conditions of his registration, the Health Committee may, if it thinks fit, order that his registration be suspended for such period not exceeding 12 months as may be specified in the order.

Where the Health Committee has made an order for suspension under subsection (1) or (2), the Health Committee may order that the registration of the person whose registration is suspended shall, as from the expiry of the current period of suspension, be a restricted registration.

Where the Health Committee has made an order for suspension under subsection (1) or (2) against a person and that person has failed to comply with that order, the Health Committee may, if it thinks fit —

Where the Health Committee has made an order for restricted registration, the Health Committee may revoke the order or revoke or vary any of the conditions imposed by the order.

Subsection (2) shall apply to a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist whose registration is a restricted registration by virtue of an order made under subsection (3) or (3A) as it applies to a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist whose registration is a restricted registration by virtue of an order referred to in subsection (1)(c), and subsection (4) shall apply accordingly.

Where the Health Committee has made any order under this section, or has varied the conditions imposed by an order for restricted registration, the Registrar shall immediately serve on the person to whom the order applies a notice of the order or of the variation.

While a person’s registration is suspended by virtue of this section, he shall not be regarded as being registered as a dentist or an oral health therapist notwithstanding that his name still appears in the appropriate register.

Where the Council accepts the recommendation of the Health Committee under subsection (1)(d), the Council shall by order direct that the name of the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist be removed from the appropriate register and that order shall take effect from the date it is made.

Sections 37(5), (6) and (7) and 38 shall apply, with the necessary modifications, to the Health Committee and references to a Disciplinary Committee shall be read as references to the Health Committee.

Any person who is aggrieved by an order, or any variation of the conditions imposed by an order for restricted registration, made under this section may, within 21 days of the service on him of the notification of the order, appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final.

Any order or any variation of the conditions imposed by an order for restricted registration shall take effect from the time the order or variation is made unless the Minister decides otherwise.

Where the name of a person has been removed from an appropriate register on the recommendation of the Health Committee under section 49, the Council may, upon application by the person, if it thinks fit, direct —

No application under subsection (1) shall be made to the Council more than once in any period of 12 months by or on behalf of the dentist or oral health therapist.

No application under subsection (1) shall be made to the Council by or on behalf of the dentist or oral health therapist unless the dentist or oral health therapist has complied with all the terms of the order made against him.

The Council may, from time to time, appoint one or more committees each comprising 3 of its members, to be known for the purposes of this Act as Interim Orders Committees, to inquire into any matter referred by the Council under subsection (4).

The Council shall appoint one of the members of the Interim Orders Committee as chairman of that Committee.

An Interim Orders Committee may be appointed in connection with one or more matters or for a fixed period of time.

The chairman of the Complaints Panel, a Complaints Committee, a Disciplinary Committee or the Health Committee may refer any complaint or information to the Council for the purpose of determining if an order should be made under section 49C; and the Council shall refer the complaint or information to an Interim Orders Committee for this purpose.

A member of a Complaints Committee or Disciplinary Committee inquiring into any matter shall not be a member of an Interim Orders Committee inquiring into or reviewing that matter.

A member of an Interim Orders Committee inquiring into or reviewing any matter shall not be a member of a Complaints Committee or Disciplinary Committee inquiring into that matter, or take part in any deliberation of the Council under section 49(8) in respect of that matter.

Neither the chairman of the Complaints Panel nor any member of the Health Committee shall be a member of an Interim Orders Committee.

All members of an Interim Orders Committee shall vote on any question arising at a meeting of the Interim Orders Committee and such question shall be determined by a majority of votes.

A member of an Interim Orders Committee which has commenced any inquiry or review of any case shall, notwithstanding that he has ceased to be a member of the Council, continue to be a member of the Interim Orders Committee until completion of that inquiry or review.

Sections 37(5), (6) and (7) and 38(1) and (4) to (11) shall apply, with the necessary modifications, to an Interim Orders Committee and to proceedings before it as they apply to a Disciplinary Committee and to proceedings before a Disciplinary Committee.

Where, upon due inquiry into any complaint or information referred to it, an Interim Orders Committee is satisfied that it is necessary for the protection of members of the public or is otherwise in the public interest, or is in the interests of a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist, for his registration to be suspended or to be made subject to conditions, the Interim Orders Committee may make an order —

The Registrar shall immediately serve a notice of the order under subsection (1) on the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist.

Subject to subsection (2), where an Interim Orders Committee has made an order under section 49C, the Interim Orders Committee or another Interim Orders Committee appointed in its place —

Where the High Court has extended the order under section 49G(2) or an Interim Orders Committee has made a replacement order under section 49E(1)(c) or (d), the first review after such extension or making of the replacement order shall take place —

Where an interim suspension order or an order for interim restricted registration has been made under this section or section 49C in relation to any person, the Interim Orders Committee that made the order or another Interim Orders Committee appointed in its place may, either upon its review referred to in section 49D or upon the recommendation of a Complaints Committee, a Disciplinary Committee or the Health Committee —

The Registrar shall immediately serve a notice of the decision under subsection (1) on the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist.

No order under section 49C or 49E(1)(b), (c) or (d) shall be made by an Interim Orders Committee in respect of any registered dentist or registered oral health therapist unless he has been afforded an opportunity of appearing before the Interim Orders Committee and being heard on the question whether such an order should be made in his case.

For the purposes of subsection (1), the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist may be represented before the Interim Orders Committee by counsel.

Regulations made for the purposes of an Interim Orders Committee may include provision securing that the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist in respect of whom an interim suspension order or an order for interim restricted registration has been made shall, if he so requires, be entitled to be heard by the Interim Orders Committee on each occasion on which it reviews the order, and be represented by counsel during such review.

The Council may apply to the High Court for an order made under section 49C or 49E(1)(c) or (d) to be extended, and may apply again for further extensions.

On such an application, the High Court may extend (or further extend) for up to 12 months the period for which the order has effect.

The High Court may, on application by the registered dentist or registered oral health therapist concerned —

An interim suspension order or an order for interim restricted registration shall be in force until —

For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), proceedings are concluded if —

While a person’s registration in an appropriate register is suspended by virtue of an interim suspension order, he shall not be regarded as being registered notwithstanding that his name still appears in the appropriate register.

Immediately upon the expiry or revocation of the order, the person’s rights and privileges as a registered dentist or registered oral health therapist shall be revived as from the date of such expiry or revocation, provided that he has complied with all the terms of the order.

For the avoidance of doubt, sections 33 to 40, 48 and 49 shall continue to apply to a person whose registration in an appropriate register is suspended by virtue of an interim suspension order.

A person whose name has been removed from an appropriate register under this Part may apply to the Council for his name to be restored to that appropriate register.

The Council may, after considering all relevant circumstances, and upon the compliance by the applicant of all conditions imposed by the Council, if any, and the payment of the prescribed fee, restore his name to the appropriate register.

Where the name of a person has been removed from an appropriate register by a Disciplinary Committee, no application for the restoration of his name to that appropriate register shall be made to the Council —

There shall be established a body, to be known as the Singapore Dental Council, which shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal.

The Council shall consist of —

(Deleted by Act 22 of 2007)

Only registered dentists whose names appear in the first division of the Register of Dentists and who have at least 10 years’ experience in the practice of dentistry may be elected as members of the Council.

The members shall hold office for a term of 3 years and shall be eligible for reappointment or re-election.

The Minister may, at any time, revoke the appointment of any member appointed under subsection (2)(c), (d) or (e) without assigning any reason.