68. Aircraft operating at night or under IFR

For every aircraft that is to be flown at night, in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules or when the surface is not in sight during a complex general aviation operation, the CGAC holder must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with a means of measuring or displaying —

magnetic heading;

the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

barometric altitude, from 2 independent altimetry sources, at least one of which must be a sensitive pressure altimeter;

airspeed, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;

mach number, if the speed limitation prescribed by the aircraft flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number;

aircraft attitude indicator for each required pilot;

stabilised aircraft heading;

the adequacy of the power supply to any gyroscopic instrument;

the outside air temperature; and

the rate of climb and descent.

A CGAC holder must ensure that each attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f) —

is powered by a separate source that is capable of automatically continuing to power the indicator for at least 30 minutes after total failure of the main electrical generating system; and

has an indicator on the instrument panel of the aircraft to inform the pilot when the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.

Where an aircraft is to be flown at night during a complex general aviation operation, the CGAC holder must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with the following lights:

lights as required by the Rules of the Air;

illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;

lights in all passenger compartments;

a landing light if the aircraft is an aeroplane, or a landing light trainable in the vertical plane if the aircraft is a helicopter;

an independent portable light for each crew member.

Where the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is an aeroplane, the CGAC holder —

must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying turn and slip (called in this paragraph a turn and slip indicator); and

may, in lieu of an aircraft attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f), equip the aeroplane with a turn and slip indicator in addition to the requirement in sub‑paragraph (a).

Where the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a helicopter, the CGAC holder must ensure that the helicopter is equipped with —

a slip indicator; and

an aircraft attitude indicator in addition to the requirement in paragraph (1)(f).

In this regulation, “the surface is not in sight” means that —

the flight crew is not able to see sufficient surface features; or

the surface illumination is insufficient to enable the flight crew to maintain the aircraft at a desired attitude without reference to any flight instrument.

For every aircraft that is to be flown at night, in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules or when the surface is not in sight during a complex general aviation operation, the CGAC holder must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with a means of measuring or displaying —

magnetic heading;

the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

barometric altitude, from 2 independent altimetry sources, at least one of which must be a sensitive pressure altimeter;

airspeed, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;

mach number, if the speed limitation prescribed by the aircraft flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number;

aircraft attitude indicator for each required pilot;

stabilised aircraft heading;

the adequacy of the power supply to any gyroscopic instrument;

the outside air temperature; and

the rate of climb and descent.

A CGAC holder must ensure that each attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f) —

is powered by a separate source that is capable of automatically continuing to power the indicator for at least 30 minutes after total failure of the main electrical generating system; and

has an indicator on the instrument panel of the aircraft to inform the pilot when the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.

Where an aircraft is to be flown at night during a complex general aviation operation, the CGAC holder must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with the following lights:

lights as required by the Rules of the Air;

illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;

lights in all passenger compartments;

a landing light if the aircraft is an aeroplane, or a landing light trainable in the vertical plane if the aircraft is a helicopter;

an independent portable light for each crew member.

Where the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is an aeroplane, the CGAC holder —

must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying turn and slip (called in this paragraph a turn and slip indicator); and

may, in lieu of an aircraft attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f), equip the aeroplane with a turn and slip indicator in addition to the requirement in sub‑paragraph (a).

Where the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a helicopter, the CGAC holder must ensure that the helicopter is equipped with —

a slip indicator; and

an aircraft attitude indicator in addition to the requirement in paragraph (1)(f).

In this regulation, “the surface is not in sight” means that —

the flight crew is not able to see sufficient surface features; or

the surface illumination is insufficient to enable the flight crew to maintain the aircraft at a desired attitude without reference to any flight instrument.