Courts (Civil and Criminal Justice) Reform Bill

by deleting the words “1st January 2006” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “the date of commencement of section 2 of the Courts (Civil and Criminal Justice) Reform Act 2021”;

by deleting the words “originating summons” wherever they appear in subsections (1)(i) and (2) and substituting in each case the words “originating application”;

by deleting the words “a writ of summons” in subsection (4) and substituting the words “an originating claim”; and

by deleting subsection (5) and substituting the following subsection:“(5) To avoid doubt, any application that —

was made to a Court before the date of commencement of section 2 of the Courts (Civil and Criminal Justice) Reform Act 2021 under any written law to which subsection (1) applies; and

is pending before the Court on or after that date,continues, unless otherwise ordered by the Court, to proceed in accordance with the provisions of the relevant written law and the practice and procedure as were in force and applicable in relation to that application immediately before that date, until the application is finally disposed of by the Court.”.

by deleting the word “leave” in subsection (1)(a) and substituting the word “permission”;

by inserting, immediately after paragraph (a) of subsection (1), the following paragraph:“(aa)to make an audio or a visual recording or both of court proceedings, or any recording derived directly or indirectly from it, without the permission of the court;”;

by deleting the words “made by means of any such audio recorder, electronic device or other instrument” in subsection (1)(b) and substituting the words “(being a recording mentioned in paragraph (aa) or made by means of any audio recorder, electronic device or other instrument mentioned in paragraph (a))”;

by deleting the words “leave granted under paragraph (a)” in subsection (1)(c) and substituting the words “permission granted under paragraph (a) or (aa)”;

by deleting the words “Leave under subsection (1)(a)” in subsection (2) and substituting the words “Permission under subsection (1)(a) or (aa)”;

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in subsection (2) and substituting in each case the word “permission”;

by deleting the words “under subsection (1)(a), the court may order the audio recorder, electronic device or other instrument, or any recording made with it, or both,” in subsection (3) and substituting the words “under subsection (1)(a) or (aa), the court may order the audio recorder, electronic device or other instrument mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or any recording made with it, or both, or the recording mentioned in subsection (1)(aa),”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (4), the following subsection:“(5) In this section —

“court proceedings” includes court proceedings, or any part of court proceedings, conducted through any electronic means of communication;

the reference to an audio or a visual recording of court proceedings includes an audio or a visual recording of —

a person participating in a court proceeding; or

a person viewing or listening to a court proceeding, including an audio or a visual recording of a court proceeding; and

“recording” includes any recording of a temporary nature, including (but not limited to) any such recording for the purposes of contemporaneous or instantaneous publication or transmission.”.

the court proceeding was conducted through an electronic means of communication; and

the person did not know, and could not reasonably have known, that the person was making, publishing, transmitting or using a recording of a court proceeding.”.

Despite any other written law, but subject to this section, in any proceedings brought against a person for contempt of court, a court may only grant permission for the person against whom those proceedings are brought to give evidence or to appear (other than to give evidence) by means of a live video or live television link, if —

the court is satisfied that —

it is in the interests of justice for that person to give evidence or to appear (other than to give evidence) by means of a live video or live television link; and

sufficient administrative and technical facilities and arrangements are made at the place from which that person is to give evidence or to appear; and

that person gives evidence or appears (other than to give evidence) by means of a live video or live television link from —

a place within a court or a prison in Singapore; or

any other place in Singapore, where all parties consent to that person giving evidence or appearing from that place.(2) Despite any other written law, but subject to this section, in any proceedings mentioned in subsection (1), the court may grant permission for a witness (not being the person against whom the proceedings are brought) in Singapore to give evidence from a place in Singapore by means of a live video or live television link, if —

the court is satisfied that sufficient administrative and technical facilities and arrangements are made at the place from which the witness is to give evidence; and

any one of the following conditions is satisfied:

the witness is below the age of 18 years;

it is expressly agreed between the parties to the proceedings that evidence may be so given;

the court is satisfied that it is expedient in the interests of justice to do so.(3) Despite any other written law, but subject to this section, in any proceedings mentioned in subsection (1), a court may only grant permission for a witness (not being the person against whom the proceedings are brought) who is not in Singapore to give evidence from a place that is not in Singapore by means of a live video or live television link, if —

the court is satisfied that allowing the witness to give evidence from a place that is not in Singapore by means of a live video or live television link would be in the interests of justice;

the court is satisfied that sufficient administrative and technical facilities and arrangements are made at the place from which the witness is to give evidence; and

any one of the following conditions is satisfied:

the witness is an expert witness;

the witness is a witness of fact and all parties consent to the witness giving evidence from outside Singapore;

the witness —

is a witness of fact;

is unable to give evidence from a place in Singapore; and

has —

the witness fears arrest in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction;

the witness fears prosecution in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction; or

a warrant of arrest has been issued against the witness in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction.(5) The court may, in granting permission under subsection (1), (2) or (3), make an order on all or any of the following matters:

the persons who may be present at the place where the witness is giving evidence;

that a person be excluded from the place while the witness is giving evidence;

the persons in the courtroom who must be able to be heard, or seen and heard, by the witness and by the persons with the witness;

the persons in the courtroom who must not be able to be heard, or seen and heard, by the witness and by the persons with the witness;

the persons in the courtroom who must be able to see and hear the witness and the persons with the witness;

the stages in the proceedings during which a specified part of the order is to have effect;

the method of operation of the live video or live television link system including compliance with such minimum technical standards as may be determined by the Chief Justice; (h)any other order the court considers necessary in the interests of justice;

any other matter prescribed by rules made under subsection (13) for the purposes of this subsection.(6) The court may revoke, suspend or vary an order made under this section if —

the live video or live television link system stops working and it would cause unreasonable delay to wait until a working system becomes available;

it is necessary for the court to do so to comply with its duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to the parties to the proceedings;

it is necessary for the court to do so, so that the witness can identify a person or a thing or so that the witness can participate in or view a demonstration or an experiment;

it is necessary for the court to do so because part of the proceedings is being heard outside a courtroom;

there has been a material change in the circumstances after the court has made an order; or

any conditions prescribed by rules made under subsection (13) for the purposes of this subsection are met.(7) A court may, if the court considers it necessary, either on the court’s own motion or on the application of a person against whom proceedings for contempt of court are brought, require a person against whom proceedings for contempt of court are brought to be produced in person before the court in proceedings mentioned in subsection (1).(8) The court must not make an order under this section, or include a particular provision in such an order, if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to the parties to the proceedings.(9) In making any order under this section, or any particular provision in such an order, a court is to have regard to matters prescribed by rules made under subsection (13).(10) An order made under subsection (2) does not cease to have effect merely because the person in respect of whom the order was made attains the age of 18 years before the proceedings in which the order was made are finally determined.(11) Evidence given by a witness (whether in Singapore or elsewhere), or a person against whom proceedings are brought for contempt of court, through a live video or live television link by virtue of this section is deemed for the purposes of sections 193, 194, 195, 196 and 205 of the Penal Code as having been given in the proceedings in which the evidence is given.(12) Where a person gives evidence in accordance with this section, the person is, for the purposes of the Evidence Act, deemed to be giving evidence in the presence of the court.(13) The Rules Committee constituted under the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, and the Family Justice Rules Committee constituted under the Family Justice Act 2014, may make such rules as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for the purpose of giving effect to this section and for prescribing anything which may be prescribed under this section.(14) In this section, “live video or live television link” means a live video or live television link that is created using an electronic communication technology approved by the Chief Justice.”.

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 2(2)(b)(ii), (iii)(A) and (iv)Section 13(1) and (8)Section 32(2) and (3);

by inserting, immediately after the word “execution” in the following provisions, the words “or enforcement”:Section 2(2)(d)Section 32(4) and (5);

by deleting subsection (2) of section 4 and substituting the following subsection:“(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), intentional disposal by a person against whom an enforcement order for attachment of a debt has been made, otherwise than in accordance with law or with permission of the court, of any property subject to the order in his or her hands or under his or her control, is contempt of court.”;

by deleting the word “Leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “Permission”:Section 13(7); and

by deleting the words “in camera” wherever they appear in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 14(2) and (3).

Subject to subsection (2), proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in private.(2) Proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in open court if the court, on its own motion or upon the application of any person (including a person who is not a party to the proceedings), so orders.”.

by deleting the word “appearance” in the following provision and substituting the words “filing and serving a notice of intention to contest or not contest”:Section 6(1);

by inserting, immediately after the word “pleading” in the following provision, the words “(other than a pleading asserting that the court does not have jurisdiction in the proceedings)”:Section 6(1);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 21A(1) and (2)Section 28(4)Section 36(6)Section 37(3)Section 41(8)Section 45(5) and (7)Section 46(1) and (2)Section 49(3)(b), (6), (7) and (11)Section 50(9)Section 52(1), (2) and (3)(a) and section heading;

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “enforcement”:Section 21A(6)(a) and (7)(a);

by deleting the word “taxed” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessed”:Section 39(1)Section 40(2)Section 41(2)(b);

by deleting the words “A taxation” in the following provision and substituting the words “An assessment”:Section 41(3);

by deleting the words “a taxation” in the following provision and substituting the words “an assessment”:Section 41(3);

by deleting the word “taxation” wherever it appears in the following provision and substituting in each case the word “assessment”:Section 41(4);

by deleting the word “Leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “Permission”:Section 49(5); and

by deleting the words “otherwise than in open court” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 57(1) and section heading.

The Attorney-General may, with the permission of court, intervene in any proceedings mentioned in subsection (3), where the Attorney-General is of the opinion that —

a question of public interest has arisen in those proceedings; and

the intervention is necessary in the public interest to place any information or evidence or make any representations or submissions before the court in those proceedings.(2) An application for permission of court under subsection (1) may be made by application without notice supported by an affidavit as to the matters in subsection (1)(a) and (b).(3) The Attorney‑General may apply for permission of court to intervene in any proceedings in a court —

that are not criminal proceedings;

to which the Attorney‑General is neither a party nor representing a party; and

whether commenced before, on or after the appointed day.(4) Without limiting subsection (3), the proceedings in which the Attorney‑General may apply to intervene include —

any judicial review proceedings, and any incidental or preliminary proceedings connected to those proceedings;

any civil proceedings, family proceedings or quasi‑criminal proceedings;

an appeal or a revision to, or a case stated or referred to or reserved for, a court, from a decision of a court, tribunal, panel, board or other body of persons or an individual, under any written law;

proceedings before a Judge of the General Division or before a court of 3 Supreme Court Judges under the Legal Profession Act; and

proceedings before a court of 3 Judges of the General Division for an appeal under the Medical Registration Act.(5) If the court is satisfied that the grounds for the Attorney‑General’s opinion in subsection (1) have been adequately set out in the application for permission and accompanying affidavit, the court must grant permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene in those proceedings.(6) The application for permission of court, supporting affidavit and order granting permission must be served on every party to the proceedings within 2 working days after the day the order granting permission to intervene is made.(7) Any party to the proceedings may, within 7 working days after the day the party is served in accordance with subsection (6), apply to the court to set aside the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene.(8) The court may set aside the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene if the court is satisfied that it would be in the interests of justice to do so, having regard to the circumstances of the case, including the stage of the proceedings in which the intervention is sought and any prejudice to any party or parties, but without enquiring into the grounds on which the Attorney‑General’s opinion in subsection (1) is based.(9) Upon the order granting permission to intervene in any proceedings —

the Attorney‑General is deemed to be a party to the proceedings;

the court before which the proceedings are held may in the proceedings make any order, including an order as to costs for or against the Government, that the court thinks fit; and

the Attorney‑General has the same right of appeal in the proceedings as a party to the proceedings.(10) Subsection (9) applies despite any application for setting aside of the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene, or any appeal against the decision to set aside or refuse to set aside the order, having been made, until the order granting permission to intervene is finally set aside and there is no further appeal thereon.(11) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect any right of the Attorney‑General to appear in any court, or to intervene in any proceedings, under any other written law.(12) In this section and section 4B —“Appellate Division” and “General Division” have the meanings given by section 2 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act;“appointed day” means the date of commencement of section 10 of the Courts (Civil and Criminal Justice) Reform Act 2021;“working day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday.Provisions for appeal, etc.4B.—

Subject to subsections (2) and (3), an appeal lies from any court —

against a decision refusing permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene or a decision to set aside the order granting permission to intervene — by the Attorney‑General without requiring permission to appeal; and

against a refusal to set aside the order granting permission to intervene — by any party only with permission to appeal.(2) No appeal may be brought under subsection (1) against any decision of a court of 3 Judges of the General Division under the Medical Registration Act or a court of 3 Supreme Court Judges under the Legal Profession Act.(3) No permission to appeal is required against a decision under subsection (1)(b) of the Registrar of the Supreme Court (including the Deputy Registrar and any Assistant Registrar), registrar of the State Courts (including a deputy registrar) or registrar of the Family Justice Courts (including the deputy registrar and any assistant registrar).(4) Permission to appeal under subsection (1)(b) must be obtained —

where the appeal is to the General Division against a decision of a State Court constituted under section 4 of the State Courts Act or a Family Court or Youth Court constituted under section 5 of the Family Justice Act 2014 — from that State Court, Family Court or Youth Court or, where permission to appeal is refused by that court, from the General Division;

where the appeal is against a decision of the General Division (made in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction) on an appeal from a State Court, Family Court or Youth Court — from the Court of Appeal; or

where the appeal is against a decision of the General Division (made in the exercise of its original jurisdiction) or the Appellate Division — from the Court of Appeal.(5) An order of the General Division giving or refusing leave under subsection (4)(a) is final.(6) Subsection (1) applies despite sections 21(1), 29A and 47 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, section 23(2A) of the Family Justice Act 2014 and any provision in other written law specifying requirements concerning permission to appeal.(7) Rules of Court and Family Justice Rules may provide for the manner in which and the time within which an application for permission to intervene, setting aside of the order granting permission to intervene, application for permission to appeal, or an appeal, may be made.”.

in the opinion of the court, the fact that the court has no jurisdiction apart from subsection (10A) in relation to the subject matter of the proceedings in question makes it inappropriate for the court to make the order; or

the proceedings concerned are not capable of giving rise to a judgment which may be enforced in Singapore.(10D) In subsection (10A), “interim relief”, in relation to the court before which an application is brought, means interim relief of any kind which that court has power to grant in proceedings relating to matters within its jurisdiction, other than —

a warrant for the arrest of property; or

provision for obtaining evidence.”.

by deleting the word “Plaintiffs” in the following provision and substituting the word “Claimants”:Section 3(a) (paragraph heading);

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 3(a), (b) and (c)Section 18Section 20(6); (c)by deleting the word “plaintiffs” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimants”:Section 3(c) (paragraph heading);

by deleting the words “writ of summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating claim”:Section 28(5); and

by deleting the word “plaintiff’s” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimant’s”:Section 28(5).

Subject to subsection (2), a court may decide any matter without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given (including any part of a trial of an offence) to be conducted without an oral hearing.(3) Subject to subsection (4), a court may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties, using such means of communication as directed by the court.(4) The court must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of a court to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.”.

by inserting, immediately after the word “satisfied” in subsection (1)(c), the words “, having regard to matters prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules,”;

by deleting subsection (2A);

by deleting the words “who is not a juvenile” in subsection (4);

by inserting, immediately after the words “subsection (4)” in subsection (5), the words “or (5A)”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (5), the following subsections:“(5A) Despite any provision of this Code or of any other written law, a court may, in any court proceedings (whether a trial, an inquiry, an appeal or other court proceedings), if the court is satisfied that it is in the interests of justice and that sufficient administrative and technical facilities and arrangements are made at the place from which an accused person is to give evidence or to appear, allow the accused person to give evidence or to appear (other than to give evidence) by means of a live video or live television link from —

a place within a court, a prison, an approved centre or an approved institution in Singapore; or

any other place in Singapore —

in proceedings where all parties consent to the accused person giving evidence or appearing from that place; or

in any other proceedings that the Minister may prescribe by regulations under this section, after consulting the Chief Justice.(5B) Despite any provision of this Code or of any other written law, a court may, in any court proceedings (whether a trial, an inquiry, an appeal or other court proceedings), allow a witness (not being the accused) who is not in Singapore to give evidence from a place that is not in Singapore by means of a live video or live television link, if —

the court is satisfied that allowing the witness to give evidence from a place that is not in Singapore by means of a live video or live television link would be in the interests of justice;

the court is satisfied that sufficient administrative and technical facilities and arrangements are made at the place from which the witness is to give evidence; and (c)any one of the following conditions is satisfied:

the witness is an expert witness;

the witness is a witness of fact and all parties consent to the witness giving evidence from outside Singapore;

the witness —

is a witness of fact;

is unable to give evidence from a place in Singapore; and

has —

made a statement under section 264 containing the evidence which the witness proposes to give to the court.(5C) For the purposes of subsection (5B)(c)(iii)(B), a witness is not unable to give evidence from a place in Singapore merely because —

the witness fears arrest in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction;

the witness fears prosecution in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction; or

a warrant of arrest has been issued against the witness in Singapore or in any other jurisdiction.”;

by deleting the words “subsection (1), (3) or (4)” in subsection (6) and substituting the words “subsection (1), (3), (4), (5A) or (5B)”;

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (h) of subsection (6) and substituting a semi-colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(i)any other matter prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules.”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (7)(d);

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (e) of subsection (7) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(f)any conditions prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules for the purposes of this subsection are met.”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (8), the following subsection:“(8A) In making any order under this section, or any particular provision in such an order, a court is to have regard to matters prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules.”;

by inserting, immediately after the words “live television link” in subsection (10), the words “under this section”;

by deleting the words “(3) or (4)” in subsection (12) and substituting the words “(3), (4) or (5A)”; and

by deleting subsection (13) and substituting the following subsections:“(13) An accused person is deemed to attend court at the place appointed for the accused to do so, if the accused person appears before the court in accordance with subsection (5A).(14) Criminal Procedure Rules may be made under section 428A to give effect to this section and for prescribing anything that may be prescribed under this section.(15) The Minister may, after consulting the Chief Justice, make regulations to prescribe any offence for the purposes of subsection (2)(e) or any proceedings for the purposes of subsection (3)(e) or (5A)(b)(ii).(16) In this section —“approved centre” means an approved centre declared under section 18 of the Intoxicating Substances Act;“approved institution” means an approved institution declared under section 35 of the Misuse of Drugs Act;“live video or live television link” means a live video or live television link that is created using an electronic communication technology approved by the Chief Justice.”.

by deleting the words “pre‑trial conference” wherever they appear in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “case conference”:Section 2(1) (definition of “proceeding”)Section 171Section 220ASection 222Section 235(6)Section 425B(4)(b);

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 149F(4)Section 149M(4)Section 281B(1) and (2)(a) and (b) and section headingSection 425B(6);

by deleting the words “ex parte” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “in the absence of the accused”:Section 156(1)(a) and (b);

by deleting the words “proceeded ex parte” in the following provision and substituting the words “proceeded in the absence of the accused”:Section 156(2);

by deleting the words “ex parte proceedings” wherever they appear in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “proceedings in the absence of the accused”:Section 156(2), (3) and (6);

by deleting the words “Pre‑trial conference” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “Case conference”:Section 171 (section heading)Section 220A (section heading);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 264A(1)(b)(iii)(C)Section 267(4)Section 278(1), (2) and (9)Section 378(5) and (6)Section 384(4)Section 394H(1) and (9) and section headingSection 394I(1)Section 394J(3)(a)Section 396(2)Section 397(1), (2), (3B)(a) and (4)Section 406(2)(a);

by inserting, immediately before the definition of “civil application” in section 394F(1), the following definition:“ “application for permission” means an application for permission to make a review application;”;

by deleting the definition of “leave application” in section 394F(1);

by deleting the words “A leave application” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “An application for permission”:Section 394H(2), (6) and (7);

by deleting the words “a leave application” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “an application for permission”:Section 394H(3), (4) and (8)Section 394K(3), (4) and (5);

by deleting the words “No leave application” in the following provision and substituting the words “No application for permission”:Section 394K(5);

by deleting the words “leave applications” in the following provision and substituting the words “applications for permission”:Section 394K (section heading);

by deleting the words “leave application” wherever they appear in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “application for permission”:Section 397(3E);

by inserting, immediately after the word “decree” in the following provisions, the words “, or under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:First Schedule, second column in the items relating to sections 206 and 207; and

by inserting, immediately after the word “executed” in the following provisions, the words “or enforced”:First Schedule, second column in the items relating to sections 208 and 210.

by inserting, immediately after the words “criminal matter” in subsection (1), the words “or proceedings for contempt of court”;

by deleting the word “and” at the end of subsection (2)(b);

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (c) of subsection (2) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(d)any other matter prescribed by rules made under subsection (9).”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (4)(d);

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (e) of subsection (4) and substituting the word “; or”, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(f)any conditions prescribed by rules made under subsection (9) for the purposes of this subsection are met.”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (5), the following subsection:“(5A) In making any order under this section, or any particular provision in such an order, a court is to have regard to matters prescribed by rules made under subsection (9).”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (6), the following subsection:“(6A) Despite any provision of this Act and this section, the parties in any civil proceedings may, with the express agreement of all the parties to the proceedings pursuant to section 11(3)(b) of the Family Justice Act 2014, section 8(3)(b) of the State Courts Act or section 8A(3)(b) of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, apply for permission of the court for a witness to give evidence through a live audio link only, and the application must describe the arrangements that the parties have agreed to put in place to ensure the integrity and quality of the evidence to be given by the witness.”;

by inserting, immediately after the words “this section” in subsection (7), the words “, or through a live audio link (without an accompanying live video link or live television link) by virtue of subsection (6A),”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (9), the following subsection:“(10) In this section, “live video or live television link” means a live video or live television link that is created using an electronic communication technology approved by the Chief Justice.”; and

by inserting, immediately after the word “links” in the section heading, the word “, etc.”.

by deleting the words “in camera” in subsection (1) and in the section heading and substituting in each case the words “in private”;

by inserting, immediately after the words “open and public court” in subsection (2), the words “, or by way of an open and public hearing,”;

by inserting, immediately after the word “propriety,” in subsection (3), the words “the national interest or national security of Singapore,”;

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (b) of subsection (3) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(c)any information that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore.”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (4)(a);

by deleting the words “any such witness.” in subsection (4)(b) and substituting the words “any witness mentioned in paragraph (a); or”; and

by inserting, immediately after paragraph (b) of subsection (4), the following paragraph:“(c)publish any information relating to any matter or proceeding before the court that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore.”.

Without limiting section 10, a Family Justice Court may conduct the hearing of any matter or proceeding (other than a matter or proceeding prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules or the Family Justice Rules) through a live video link, a live television link, a live audio link or any other electronic means of communication approved by the Chief Justice.(2) Subsection (1) does not affect the operation of section 26A of the Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016, section 62A of the Evidence Act and section 281 of the Criminal Procedure Code.(3) A Family Justice Court must not conduct any part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only, without an accompanying live video link or live television link —

where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an offence) in a criminal or quasi-criminal proceeding; (b)where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an action) in a civil proceeding, unless all the parties consent; or

where the matter is prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules or the Family Justice Rules.(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), a court is not considered to have conducted a part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only and without an accompanying live video link or live television link, by reason only of a temporary disruption in the accompanying live video link or live television link that was insignificant and which did not affect the court’s duty to conduct proceedings fairly.(5) A Family Justice Court must not conduct a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1), if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the hearing is conducted fairly to all parties.(6) A Family Court or a Youth Court is deemed to be sitting at a place appointed under section 9(3) when the court conducts a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1) (whether any judicial officer of the court is situated in Singapore or outside Singapore).”.

Subject to subsection (2), a Family Court may decide any matter in its civil or quasi‑criminal jurisdiction without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Family Justice Rules.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given (including any part of a trial of an action) to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent.(3) Subject to subsection (4), a Family Court may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communications as directed by the court.(4) A Family Court must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of a Family Court to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.Summary dismissal of certain matters29B.—

A District Judge sitting in a Family Court may, on his or her own motion, summarily dismiss any appeal, or any part of any appeal, made against a decision of the Registrar relating to civil or quasi‑criminal proceedings.(2) A District Judge sitting in a Family Court may exercise his or her power under subsection (1) only if the District Judge is satisfied that there is no merit in that appeal, or that part of the appeal, because every issue in that appeal, or that part of the appeal, has already been decided by a Family Court in an earlier matter in which the appellant was involved.(3) Before summarily dismissing any appeal, or any part of any appeal, under subsection (1), a District Judge sitting in a Family Court must —

give the appellant a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the appeal, or the part of the appeal, should not be dismissed; and

consider any representations (if any) of the appellant.(4) A District Judge sitting in a Family Court may exercise his or her powers under this section without hearing oral arguments.”.

An appeal cannot be brought against a decision of the Family Court exercising civil jurisdiction, where the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final, unless the party seeking to appeal proves that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in subsection (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in subsection (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

Subject to subsection (2), a Youth Court may decide any matter in its jurisdiction without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Rules or the Family Justice Rules.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given (including any part of a trial of an offence) to be conducted without an oral hearing.(3) Subject to subsection (4), a Youth Court may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties, using such means of communication as directed by the court.(4) A Youth Court must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of a Youth Court to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.”.

by deleting the word “and” at the end of paragraph (o); and

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (p) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(q)prescribing anything that is required or permitted under this Act to be prescribed by the Family Justice Rules.”.

by deleting the words “any writ of seizure and sale or any other writ of execution or of distress” in the following provision and substituting the words “any enforcement order for seizure and sale of property, any other enforcement order or any writ of distress”:Section 18(2);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 23(2A)Section 28(2)Second Schedule;

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 23(2B);

by deleting the words “execution of any process” in the following provision and substituting the words “execution of any process or enforcement order”:Section 26(6)(a);

by deleting the words “taken in execution of the process” in the following provision and substituting the words “taken in execution of the process or under or pursuant to the enforcement order”:Section 26(6)(a);

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 34(1) and section heading;

by deleting the words “writ or order of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order or writ of distress”:Section 45(3);

by deleting the words “a writ of seizure and sale” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for seizure and sale of property”:Section 46(3)(l);

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the word “enforcement”:Section 46(3)(m); and

by deleting the word “LEAVE” in the following provision and substituting the word “PERMISSION”:Second Schedule (Schedule heading).

Subject to subsection (2), proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in private.(2) Proceedings under this Act in any court are to be heard in open court if the court, on its own motion or upon the application of any person (including a person who is not a party to the proceedings), so orders.”.

by deleting the word “appearance” in the following provision and substituting the words “filing and serving a notice of intention to contest or not contest”:Section 6(1);

by inserting, immediately after the word “pleading” in the following provision, the words “(other than a pleading asserting that the court does not have jurisdiction in the proceedings)”:Section 6(1);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 10(4) and (5)Section 12(6)Section 18(b)Section 19;

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “enforcement”:Section 10(9)(a) and (10)(a);

by deleting the word “taxable” in the following provision and substituting the word “assessable”:Section 21(1);

by deleting the word “taxed” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessed”:Section 21(2) and (3);

by deleting the word “Taxation” in the following provision and substituting the word “Assessment”:Section 21 (section heading); and

by deleting the words “otherwise than in open court” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 23(1) and section heading.

by deleting the word “and” at the end of paragraph (c); and

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (d) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraphs:“(e)an academic involved in the teaching of law, or a person who was formerly such an academic, to appear and plead in those courts when appointed by those courts as an independent counsel under —

the Supreme Court of Judicature Act or any Rules of Court made under that Act; or (ii)the Family Justice Act 2014 or any Family Justice Rules made under that Act; and

a person who has special knowledge or experience in any area of law to appear and plead in those courts when appointed by those courts as an independent counsel under —

the Supreme Court of Judicature Act or any Rules of Court made under that Act; or

the Family Justice Act 2014 or any Family Justice Rules made under that Act.”.

by deleting the word “or” at the end of paragraph (l); and

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (m) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraphs:“(n)an academic involved in the teaching of law, or a person who was formerly such an academic, acting as an independent counsel appointed by a court under —

the Supreme Court of Judicature Act or any Rules of Court made under that Act; or

the Family Justice Act 2014 or any Family Justice Rules made under that Act; or

a person who has special knowledge or experience in any area of law acting as an independent counsel appointed by a court under —

the Supreme Court of Judicature Act or any Rules of Court made under that Act; or

the Family Justice Act 2014 or any Family Justice Rules made under that Act.”.

in any relevant proceedings; or

in any proceedings that are preliminary to any relevant proceedings;

appear and plead in the appellate court —

in any relevant appeal; or

in any proceedings that are preliminary to a relevant appeal;

represent any party to —

any relevant proceedings or relevant appeal in any matter concerning those proceedings or that appeal, as the case may be; or

any proceedings that are preliminary to any relevant proceedings or relevant appeal in any matter concerning those preliminary proceedings;

give advice, prepare documents and provide any other assistance in relation to or arising out of —

any relevant proceedings or relevant appeal; or

any proceedings that are preliminary to any relevant proceedings or relevant appeal.”.

The Rules Committee may make rules regulating and prescribing the procedure and practice to be followed in proceedings under this Act before a court of 3 Supreme Court Judges, including —

the fees and deposits payable for any such proceedings; and

any matter incidental to or relating to the procedure and practice to be followed in any such proceedings.(2) In the absence of any rule dealing with any point of procedure or practice made under subsection (1), the Rules of Court may be followed as nearly as the circumstances permit.”.

by deleting the words “originating summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “originating application”:Section 15(3) and (4)Section 25B(1)Section 25C(1) and (8)(c)(ii)(B)Section 27A(1)Section 27B(2)Section 28(1)Section 36T(3)(a)Section 36U(1)Section 49(6)Section 78(1)Section 80(1)Section 85(4D)(a) and (19B)(a)Section 95(2)Section 96(2)Section 97(2)(a)Section 98(1)Section 100(2)Section 102(2) and (3)Section 113(2)Section 120(1);

by deleting the word “taxed” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessed”:Section 36S(16)(b)Section 82A(13A)Section 85(19)(a)(ii)Section 93(2) and (2A)(b)Section 112(1)Section 113(5) and (7)(b)Section 117(1)(a)Section 123Section 128(1)(a) and (b)Section 130(2)Second Schedule, paragraph 4(1)(b) and (2);

by deleting the words “it was a subpoena” in the following provision and substituting the words “it were an order to attend court or an order to produce documents”:Section 36S(27);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 49(4), (5), (6), (7) and (8)Section 57(4)Section 82A(4), (5), (6) and (6A)Section 85(4C) and (4D)Section 118(1)First Schedule, paragraph 9(1);

by deleting the word “taxation” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessment”:Section 81(1)Section 108(4)(a) and (5)Section 109(6)Section 112(1) and (4)Section 114(4)Section 115(2) and (3)Section 117(1)(b)Section 119Section 120(1) and (3) and section headingSection 121(1) and (2) and section headingSection 122 and section headingSection 123 (section heading)Section 124(1)Section 126Section 128(1), (3) and (4) and section headingSection 130(2)Second Schedule, paragraph 4(1)(a);

by deleting the words “ex parte originating summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating application without notice”:Section 82A(5);

by deleting the words “subpoenas issued” in the following provision and substituting the words “orders to attend court or orders to produce documents issued”:Section 91(4);

by deleting the words “writs of summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating claims”:Section 98(3);

by deleting the word “taxing” in the following provision and substituting the word “assessing”:Section 109(6);

by deleting the word “TAXATION” in the following provision and substituting the word “ASSESSMENT”:Part IX (Part heading);

by deleting the word “tax” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assess”:Section 120(3)Section 128(2); and

by deleting the word “Taxation” in the following provision and substituting the word “Assessment”:Second Schedule, paragraph 4 (paragraph heading).

the Registrar of the Supreme Court, if the presence of the person is required in the Court of Appeal, the Appellate Division of the High Court or the General Division of the High Court;

the registrar of the Family Justice Courts, if the presence of the person is required in the Family Division of the High Court or a Family Court; or

the registrar of the State Courts, if the presence of the person is required in a District Court, a Magistrate’s Court, a Coroner’s Court or any other State Court.”.

by deleting the words “, and shall appoint some place or places as the court house or court houses of each such Court”; and

by deleting the section heading and substituting the following section heading:“Constitution of State Courts”.

by deleting the words “in camera” wherever they appear in subsections (2), (5) and (6) and in the section heading and substituting in each case the words “in private”;

by inserting, immediately after the word “propriety,” in subsections (2), (2A) and (6), the words “the national interest or national security of Singapore,”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsections:“(2AA) Any application for a matter or proceeding to be held in private, on the grounds that it is expedient in the national interest or national security of Singapore to do so, is to be heard in private.(2AB) A State Court has the power to hear any application mentioned in subsection (2AA), or any part of such an application, otherwise than in private, if the court is satisfied that —

it is expedient in the interests of justice to hear the application or part of the application otherwise than in private; and

it is not prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore to hear the application or part of the application otherwise than in private.”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (2A)(a);

by deleting the comma at the end of paragraph (b) of subsection (2A) and substituting the word “; or”, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(c)any information that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore,”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (3)(a);

by deleting the words “such a witness.” in subsection (3)(b) and substituting the words “any witness mentioned in paragraph (a); or”; and

by inserting, immediately after paragraph (b) of subsection (3), the following paragraph:“(c)publish any information relating to any matter or proceeding before the court that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore.”.

by deleting subsection (1) and substituting the following subsection:“(1) Without limiting section 7, a State Court may conduct the hearing of any matter or proceeding (other than a matter or proceeding prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Criminal Procedure Rules) through a live video link, a live television link, a live audio link or any other electronic means of communication approved by the Chief Justice.”;

by inserting, immediately after the words “operation of” in subsection (2), the words “section 26A of the Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016,”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsections:“(3) A State Court must not conduct any part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only, without an accompanying live video link or live television link —

where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an offence) in a criminal proceeding;

where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an action) in a civil proceeding, unless all the parties consent; or

where the matter is prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Criminal Procedure Rules.(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), a court is not considered to have conducted a part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only and without an accompanying live video link or live television link, by reason only of a temporary disruption in the accompanying live video link or live television link that was insignificant and which did not affect the court’s duty to conduct proceedings fairly.(5) A State Court must not conduct a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1), if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the hearing is conducted fairly to all parties.(6) A State Court is deemed to be sitting at a place appointed under section 6A(3) when the court conducts a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1) (whether any judicial officer of the court is situated in Singapore or outside Singapore).”.

by renumbering the section as subsection (1) of that section, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following subsection:“(2) The registrar may engage any auxiliary police officer appointed under the Police Force Act, any security agency, a provider of transport and of warehousing, a valuer, an estate agent, a broker, a solicitor or any other appropriate person to assist the bailiffs in the discharge of the bailiffs’ duties.”; and

by inserting, immediately after the word “officers” in the section heading, the word “, etc.”.

An appeal cannot be brought against a decision of a District Court exercising civil jurisdiction, where the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final, unless the party seeking to appeal proves that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in subsection (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in subsection (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

Subject to subsection (2), a District Court may decide any matter in its civil jurisdiction without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Rules of Court.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given (including any part of a trial of an action) to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent.(3) Subject to subsection (4), a District Court may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communications as directed by the court.(4) A District Court must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of a District Court to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.Summary dismissal of certain matters49B.—

A District Judge sitting in a District Court may, on his or her own motion, summarily dismiss any appeal made against a decision of the registrar relating to civil proceedings, if the District Judge is satisfied of any of the following:

every issue in the appeal has already been decided by a District Court or a higher court in an earlier matter in which the appellant was involved, and the appeal therefore has no merit;

such conditions as may be prescribed by the Rules of Court are met.(2) Before summarily dismissing any appeal under subsection (1), a District Judge sitting in a District Court must —

give the appellant a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the appeal should not be summarily dismissed; and

consider any representations of the appellant.(3) In this section, “appeal” includes part of an appeal.”.

An appeal cannot be brought against a decision of a Magistrate’s Court exercising civil jurisdiction, where the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final, unless the party seeking to appeal proves that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in subsection (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in subsection (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

by deleting the word “and” at the end of subsection (3)(h)(iii);

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (i) of subsection (3) and substituting the word “; and”, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(j)prescribing anything that is required or permitted under this Act to be prescribed by Rules of Court.”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (3), the following subsection:“(3A) The Rules of Court may, instead of providing for any matter, refer to any provision made or to be made for that matter by practice directions issued for the time being by the registrar.”.

by deleting the words “any writ of seizure and sale or any other writ of execution or of distress” in the following provision and substituting the words “any enforcement order for seizure and sale of property, any other enforcement order or any writ of distress”:Section 16;

by deleting the words “a writ of summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “an originating claim”:Section 19(2)(a)Section 52(1)(a);

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 22(1)Section 39(1), (2) and (3)Section 54E(3)Section 54F(3);

by deleting the word “plaintiff’s” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant’s”:Section 39(6)Section 54E(2)(c)Section 54F(2)(c);

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “enforcement”:Section 43(3)Section 54E(3)Section 54F(3);

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 43(3);

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 49(1) and section heading;

by deleting the words “writ or order of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order or writ of distress”:Section 68(3);

by deleting the words “writ of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order”:Section 69(3)(f)(i); and

by deleting the words “writ or” in the following provision:Section 69(3)(f).

by deleting the words “in camera” wherever they appear in subsections (2), (5) and (6) and in the section heading and substituting in each case the words “in private”;

by inserting, immediately after the word “propriety,” in subsections (2), (2A) and (6), the words “the national interest or national security of Singapore,”;

by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsections:“(2AA) Any application for a matter or proceeding to be held in private, on the grounds that it is expedient in the national interest or national security of Singapore to do so, is to be heard in private.(2AB) The court has the power to hear any application mentioned in subsection (2AA), or any part of such an application, otherwise than in private, if the court is satisfied that —

it is expedient in the interests of justice to hear the application or part of the application otherwise than in private; and

it is not prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore to hear the application or part of the application otherwise than in private.”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (2A)(a);

by deleting the comma at the end of paragraph (b) of subsection (2A) and substituting the word “; or”, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(c)any information that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore,”;

by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (3)(a);

by deleting the words “such a witness.” in subsection (3)(b) and substituting the words “any witness mentioned in paragraph (a); or”; and

by inserting, immediately after paragraph (b) of subsection (3), the following paragraph:“(c)publish any information relating to any matter or proceeding before the court that, if disclosed, may be prejudicial to the national interest or national security of Singapore.”.

by deleting subsection (1) and substituting the following subsection:“(1) Without limiting section 8, the court may conduct the hearing of any matter or proceeding (other than a matter or proceeding prescribed by the Rules of Court, the Family Justice Rules or the Criminal Procedure Rules) through a live video link, a live television link, a live audio link or any other electronic means of communication approved by the Chief Justice.”;

by inserting, immediately after the words “operation of” in subsection (2), the words “section 26A of the Administration of Justice (Protection) Act 2016,”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsections:“(3) A court must not conduct any part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only, without an accompanying live video link or live television link —

where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an offence) in a criminal proceeding;

where oral evidence is given during that part of the hearing (including in a trial of an action) in a civil proceeding, unless all the parties consent; or

where the matter is prescribed by the Rules of Court, the Family Justice Rules or the Criminal Procedure Rules.(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), a court is not considered to have conducted a part of a hearing of a matter through a live audio link only and without an accompanying live video link or live television link, by reason only of a temporary disruption in the accompanying live video link or live television link that was insignificant and which did not affect the court’s duty to conduct proceedings fairly.(5) A court must not conduct a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1), if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the hearing is conducted fairly to all parties.(6) A court is deemed to be sitting at a place appointed under section 11(1), 34(1)(a) or 52(1)(a) (as the case may be) when the court conducts a hearing of a matter or proceeding in the manner provided under subsection (1) (whether any Judge or Registrar sitting in the court is situated in Singapore or outside Singapore).”.

by deleting subsection (1) and substituting the following subsections:“(1) Subject to subsection (1A), every proceeding in the General Division and all business arising out of the proceeding is to be heard and disposed of before a single Judge, or before any other number of Judges as provided by any written law for the time being in force.(1A) Despite subsection (1) and any other written law mentioned in that subsection, the Chief Justice may direct that any particular proceeding in the General Division be heard before a court consisting of any uneven number of Judges greater than the number provided under subsection (1) or that other written law.(1B) A proceeding in the General Division before 3 or more Judges must be decided in accordance with the opinion of the majority of them.”; and

by deleting the words “to be disposed of by single Judge” in the section heading.

by deleting the words “a writ, to be called a writ of seizure and sale” and substituting the words “an enforcement order for seizure and sale of property”; and

by deleting the section heading and substituting the following section heading:“Enforcement orders for seizure and sale of property”.

Subject to subsection (2), the General Division may decide any matter in its original civil jurisdiction without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Family Justice Rules.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given (including any part of a trial of an action) to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent.(3) Subject to subsection (4), the General Division may, in any matter that the General Division may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communication as directed by the General Division.(4) The General Division must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of the General Division to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.Summary dismissal of certain matters17C.—

A Judge sitting in the General Division may, on his or her own motion, summarily dismiss any appeal made against a decision of the Registrar relating to civil proceedings, if the Judge is satisfied of any of the following:

every issue in the appeal has already been decided by the General Division, the Appellate Division or the Court of Appeal in an earlier matter in which the appellant was involved, and the appeal therefore has no merit;

such conditions as may be prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Family Justice Rules are met.(2) Before summarily dismissing any appeal under subsection (1), a Judge sitting in the General Division must —

give the appellant a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the appeal should not be summarily dismissed; and

consider any representations of the appellant.(3) In this section, “appeal” includes part of an appeal.”.

by oral examination in court; (b)by affidavit; (c)by deposition taken before an examiner or a commissioner; or (d)in any other manner as the court may allow.(4) Except as provided in subsection (5), such further evidence may be given to the General Division only with the permission of the General Division and on special grounds.(5) Such further evidence may be given to the General Division without permission if the evidence relates to matters occurring after the date of the decision appealed against.(6) The General Division may draw any inference of fact, give any judgment and make any order.(7) The powers in this section —

may be exercised in relation to any part of the decision appealed against, including any part of the decision appealed against to which the appeal does not relate; and

may be exercised in favour of any party to the decision appealed against, including any party to the decision appealed against who has not appealed against the decision.”.

Subject to subsection (2), the General Division may decide any matter in its appellate civil jurisdiction without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Family Justice Rules.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent.(3) Subject to subsection (4), the General Division may, in any matter that the General Division may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communication as directed by the General Division.(4) The General Division must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of the General Division to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.Summary dismissal of certain appeals22B.—

The General Division may, on its own motion, summarily dismiss any appeal to the General Division in the exercise of its appellate civil jurisdiction, if it is satisfied of any of the following:

it does not have the jurisdiction to hear and determine the appeal;

every issue in the appeal has already been decided by the General Division, the Appellate Division or the Court of Appeal in an earlier matter in which the appellant was involved, and the appeal therefore has no merit;

such conditions as may be prescribed by the Rules of Court or the Family Justice Rules are met.(2) Before summarily dismissing any appeal under subsection (1), the General Division must —

give the appellant a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the appeal should not be summarily dismissed; and

consider any representations made by the appellant.(3) In this section, “appeal” includes part of an appeal.”.

Subject to subsection (2), the Appellate Division may decide any matter without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Rules of Court.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent. (3) Subject to subsection (4), the Appellate Division may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communication as directed by the court.(4) The Appellate Division must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of the Appellate Division to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.”.

by deleting subsection (3) and substituting the following subsection:“(3) The Appellate Division may receive further evidence —

by oral examination in court;

by affidavit;

by deposition taken before an examiner or a commissioner; or

in any other manner that the Appellate Division allows.”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (7), the following subsections:“(8) Where an application for permission to adduce further evidence in an appeal before the Appellate Division is heard and decided by a single Judge or 2 Judges, any party may request the full panel of the Appellate Division hearing the appeal to rehear arguments in respect of the application for permission to adduce further evidence.(9) No request may be made under subsection (8) in respect of an application for permission to adduce further evidence in an appeal where the Appellate Division that first decided the application is constituted —

by 2 Judges, where the Appellate Division hearing the appeal is constituted by 2 Judges; or

by 3 or more Judges.(10) A request under subsection (8) must be made before the earlier of the following:

the time at which the judgment or order relating to the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence is extracted; (b)the expiration of 7 days after the date on which the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence is made.(11) After rehearing arguments on a request mentioned in subsection (8), the Appellate Division may affirm, vary or set aside the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence.”.

Subject to subsection (2), the Court of Appeal may decide any matter without hearing oral arguments, other than a matter prescribed by the Rules of Court.(2) Subsection (1) does not allow any part of a proceeding where oral evidence is given to be conducted without an oral hearing, unless all the parties consent.(3) Subject to subsection (4), the Court of Appeal may, in any matter that the court may decide without hearing oral arguments, direct that the matter be heard in an asynchronous manner by exchange of written correspondence with the party or parties using such means of communication as directed by the court.(4) The Court of Appeal must not hear a matter in an asynchronous manner if to do so would be inconsistent with the court’s duty to ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to all parties.(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not affect the power of the Court of Appeal to hear oral arguments before deciding any matter that may be decided without hearing oral arguments.”.

by deleting subsection (3) and substituting the following subsection:“(3) The Court of Appeal may receive further evidence —

by oral examination in court;

by affidavit;

by deposition taken before an examiner or a commissioner; or

in any other manner that the Court of Appeal allows.”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (7), the following subsections:“(8) Where an application for permission to adduce further evidence in an appeal before the Court of Appeal is heard and decided by a single Judge or 2 Judges, any party may request the full panel of the Court of Appeal hearing the appeal to rehear arguments in respect of the application for permission to adduce further evidence.(9) No request may be made under subsection (8) in respect of an application for permission to adduce further evidence in an appeal where the Court of Appeal that first decided the application is constituted —

by 2 Judges, where the Court of Appeal hearing the appeal is constituted by 2 Judges; or

by 3 or more Judges.(10) A request under subsection (8) must be made before the earlier of the following:

the time at which the judgment or order relating to the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence is extracted;

the expiration of 7 days after the date on which the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence is made.(11) After rehearing arguments on a request mentioned in subsection (8), the Court of Appeal may affirm, vary or set aside the decision on the application for permission to adduce further evidence.”.

was done in good faith; and (b)did not involve any fraud or wilful misconduct on his or her part.(6) Any person or entity who does any act, or does not do any act, in compliance with a prerogative order is immune from legal proceedings in respect of that act or omission.”.

by deleting the full‑stop at the end of paragraph (q) of subsection (2) and substituting a semi‑colon, and by inserting immediately thereafter the following paragraph:“(r)prescribing the fees and deposits payable for proceedings in the General Division, the Appellate Division and the Court of Appeal.”;

by deleting paragraph (c) of subsection (2A) and substituting the following paragraph:“(c)to prescribe, for the purposes of section 18D(2) —

what constitutes an international commercial arbitration, and any conditions that any proceedings must satisfy before that Court may hear those proceedings; and

what constitutes a corporate insolvency, restructuring or dissolution under the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018, or under the Companies Act as in force immediately before 30 July 2020, that is international and commercial in nature, and any conditions that any proceedings must satisfy before that Court may hear those proceedings;”;

by inserting, immediately after paragraph (c) of subsection (2A), the following paragraphs:“(ca)to prescribe, for the purposes of section 18D(3)(b), any conditions that a counterclaim must satisfy before that Court can hear and try the counterclaim;

to prescribe, for the purposes of section 18D(3)(d), any requirements for the issue of proceedings against a subsequent party.”; and

by inserting, immediately after subsection (2A), the following subsection:“(2B) The Rules of Court may, instead of providing for any matter, refer to any provision made or to be made for that matter by practice directions issued for the time being by the Registrar.”.

by deleting the word “, Eighth” in subsection (1); and

by deleting the words “Seventh and Eighth Schedules” in subsection (1A) and substituting the words “Seventh Schedule”.

by deleting the words “in execution” in paragraph 4(b) and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”; and

by inserting, immediately after paragraph 22, the following paragraph:“Ordering parties to attempt to resolve dispute by amicable resolution23.—

Power to order any party to any proceedings to attempt to resolve any dispute by amicable resolution.(2) In this paragraph, “amicable resolution” means —

settlement of an action or appeal relating to a dispute; or

resolution of a dispute other than by litigation, whether in whole or in part.”.

An appeal cannot be brought against a decision of the General Division, where the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final, unless the party seeking to appeal proves that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in sub‑paragraph (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in sub‑paragraph (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

The permission of the appellate court is required to appeal against a decision of the General Division (including the Family Division of the High Court), where —

the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final; and

the party seeking to appeal alleges that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in sub‑paragraph (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in sub‑paragraph (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

refusing permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene in proceedings in the General Division, or setting aside the order granting permission to intervene;

refusing to set aside the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene; or

arising from an appeal against a decision of a State Court, Family Court or Youth Court refusing permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene, setting aside the order granting permission to intervene or refusing to set aside the order granting permission to intervene.”.

by inserting, immediately after sub‑paragraph (3) of paragraph 1, the following sub‑paragraph:“(4) Despite section 32(1), the Appellate Division consisting of a single Judge or 2 Judges may hear and decide any of the following:

an application by the Attorney‑General for permission to intervene under section 4A(1) of the Attorney‑General (Additional Functions) Act in any proceedings in the Appellate Division;

an application to set aside the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene made under section 4A(7) of the Attorney‑General (Additional Functions) Act.”; and

by inserting, immediately after sub‑paragraph (3) of paragraph 3, the following sub‑paragraph:“(4) Despite section 50(1), the Court of Appeal consisting of a single Judge or 2 Judges may hear and decide any of the following:

an application by the Attorney‑General for permission to intervene under section 4A(1) of the Attorney‑General (Additional Functions) Act in any proceedings in the Court of Appeal;

an application to set aside the order granting permission to the Attorney‑General to intervene made under section 4A(7) of the Attorney‑General (Additional Functions) Act.”.

An appeal cannot be brought against a decision of the Appellate Division, where the parties have agreed in writing signed by or on behalf of each party that the decision is final, unless the party seeking to appeal proves that —

the decision is affected by fraud or illegality; or

there was a fundamental breach of the rules of natural justice in the proceedings resulting in the decision.(2) An agreement mentioned in sub‑paragraph (1) —

may be made before or after the decision to which the agreement relates is made; and

may relate to part of a decision, in which case references in sub‑paragraph (1) to a decision are to be read as references to that part of the decision.”.

an application under section 394H of the Criminal Procedure Code for permission to apply to the Court of Appeal to review an earlier decision of the Court of Appeal;

a criminal motion mentioned in section 408A of the Criminal Procedure Code for which each party consents to the relief or remedy sought in the motion.

an order under section 378(5A) of the Criminal Procedure Code summarily giving permission to withdraw an appeal where every party consents to the withdrawal of the appeal;

an order under section 408A(4) of the Criminal Procedure Code summarily giving permission to withdraw a criminal motion where every party consents to the withdrawal of the motion.”.

by deleting the words “a writ of summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “an originating claim”:Section 16(1)(a)Fifth Schedule, paragraph 3(e)(i) and (l)(iii) and (iv);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 21(1) and (2A)Section 29A(1) and (2)Section 40(4)(b)Section 41(4) and (5)Section 47(1), (2), (3) and (4)Section 58(4)(b)Section 59(4) and (5)Section 73A(9) and (9A)Section 73B(2)(a) and (b), (3), (5) and (6)Section 73C(2)(a) and (b), (3), (6) and (7)Section 73D(2)(a) and (b), (3), (6) and (7)Section 74(1)(a) and (b), (2A) and (3)Third Schedule, the paragraphFourth Schedule, paragraph 1(i)Fifth Schedule, paragraphs 2(1) and (2), 3 and 4(1)Sixth Schedule, paragraph 1(l)Seventh Schedule, paragraphs 2(c) and 4(c)Ninth Schedule, paragraph 1(c);

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Division 7 of Part III (Division heading)Division 3 of Part IV (Division heading);

by deleting the word “Leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “Permission”:Section 29A (section heading)Section 47 (section heading);

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provisions, the words “or enforcement”:Section 45(1) and section headingSection 60C(1) and section headingSeventh Schedule, paragraphs 2(d) and 4(d);

by deleting the words “any writ of seizure and sale or any other writ of execution or of distress” in the following provision and substituting the words “any enforcement order for seizure and sale of property, any other enforcement order or any writ of distress”:Section 64(2);

by deleting the words “writ or order of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order or writ of distress”:Section 79(3);

by deleting the words “a writ of seizure and sale” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for seizure and sale of property”:Section 80(2)(l);

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the word “enforcement”:Section 80(2)(m);

by deleting the word “LEAVE” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “PERMISSION”: Third Schedule (Schedule heading)Fifth Schedule (Schedule heading); and

by deleting the words “the writ of summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “the originating claim”:Fourth Schedule, paragraph 1(i)(i)Fifth Schedule, paragraph 3(h)(i).

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 35A(1) to (4)Section 36(2)Section 43B(2)Section 55(1)(f) and (g), (2) and (4);

by deleting the word “Leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “Permission”:Section 35A (section heading);

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 46(1) and section heading; and

by inserting, immediately after the word “execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 122(1).

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provision and substituting the words “in private”:Section 47(3)(a);

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “an enforcement order”:Section 54(1)(iii)Section 57FB(1)(e);

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Part I of Third Schedule, third column of items 3 and 4;

by deleting the words “a garnishee order” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for attachment of a debt”:Part I of Third Schedule, first column of item 6; and

by deleting the words “the garnishee order” in the following provision and substituting the words “the enforcement order for attachment of a debt”:Part I of Third Schedule, second column of item 6.

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 21(1)(a)Section 27(1), (2) and (3); and

by deleting the words “in execution under the order” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 28A(4).

by deleting the words “a subpoena for production” in the following provision and substituting the words “an order to produce documents”:Section 96(3);

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 98(3);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provision and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 120(1); and

by deleting the words “originating summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating application”:Section 124(1).

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order”:Section 4(2)(h);

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 41(3)Section 42(1), (4) and (5);

by deleting the words “execution was issued on” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order was issued to enforce”:Section 46(2)(b); and

by deleting the words “execution has been returned unsatisfied” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order has been returned unsatisfied”:Section 46(2)(b).

by deleting the words “a writ of seizure and sale has been issued in execution of” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for seizure and sale of property has been issued to enforce”:Section 68(1)(a);

by deleting the words “in pursuance of the execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “pursuant to the enforcement”:Section 68(1)(a);

by deleting the words “execution creditor” wherever they appear in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “enforcement creditor”:Section 68(1) and (3);

by deleting the words “execution of the writ” in the following provision and substituting the words “execution of the enforcement order”:Section 68(1)(b);

by deleting the words “issuing the writ” in the following provision and substituting the words “issuing the enforcement order”:Section 68(1);

by deleting the words “a garnishee order has been issued in execution of a judgment” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for attachment of a debt has been issued to enforce a judgment”:Section 68(3)(a);

by deleting paragraph (b) of section 68(3) and substituting the following paragraph:“(b)prior to the payment of the amount due or accruing due to the judgment debtor from the employer or member against whom the enforcement order for attachment of a debt is issued, notice has been given to that employer or member by the Board that any sum is due to the Fund,”;

by deleting the words “garnishee order” wherever they appear in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “enforcement order for attachment of a debt”:Section 68(3);

by deleting the words “a garnishee order” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for attachment of a debt”:Section 68(5)(b); and

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the word “enforcement”:Section 68 (section heading).

by deleting the words “a levy of execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “an enforcement order”:Section 18(2)(b) and (3)(c);

by deleting the words “in execution under the order” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 30(3)(b); and

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provision and substituting the words “in private”:Section 51(2)(b).

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 17(2) and (4)Section 20(3);

by deleting the words “execution on” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement of”:Section 20(3);

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 22(1) and section heading;

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 26(2) and (3)Section 29(3)(b); and

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provisions, the words “or enforcement”:Section 27(1) and (2) and section heading.

by deleting the words “a subpoena” in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “an order”:Section 18(1)(a) and (b); and

by deleting the word “Subpoena” in the following provision and substituting the words “Order to attend court or order to produce documents”:Section 18 (section heading).

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 14(1)Section 32(5)Section 148(1), (3) and (4)Section 149(13) and (15)Section 154(3), (6) and (9)Section 155(1) and (9)Section 155A(3)Section 155C(1) and (3)Section 155D(1) and (3)Section 210(10)Section 216(4)Section 216A(2), (5) and (6);

by deleting the word “plaintiff” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimant”:Section 388(1); and

by deleting the words “levying of any execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “execution of any enforcement order”:Section 406(b).

by deleting the words “originating summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “originating application”:Section 4(1)Section 73E(5)(a);

by deleting the words “a writ of possession” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for possession of property”:Section 18A(9)(b);

by deleting the words “the writ” wherever they appear in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “the enforcement order”:Section 18A(9); and

by deleting the word “plaintiff” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimant”:Section 30(3).

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 60(3)(b);

by inserting, immediately after the words “to delay the execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 90(3); and

by deleting the words “levying of any execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “execution of any enforcement order”:Section 100C(1)(b).

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 118(2)Section 119(2)(d), (3) and (5)(d)Section 120(1)Section 120A(1)(a), (2)(a) and (b) and (7)Section 124Section 126(a) and (b)Section 129Section 130(1)(b), (1A) and (1B)Section 133(1)(b) and (2)(b)Section 193DB(3)(a)Section 193DDB(3)Section 200(4)Section 252CB(3)(a)Section 252CDB(3)Section 253(2)(d) and (3A)(d)Section 261(1)(d), (4)(d) and (5)Section 261F(1)(b)(ii), (2), (4)(d), (5) and (6);

by deleting the word “plaintiffs” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimants”:Section 126;

by deleting the words “enters an appearance” in the following provision and substituting the words “files and serves a notice of intention to contest or not contest a claim”:Section 129; and

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 162(2).

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 13(4);

by deleting the words “a garnishee order” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order for attachment of a debt”:Section 14(5);

by deleting the words “ex parte application” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “application without notice”:Section 16(4)(b)Section 17(3)(b);

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provision and substituting the words “in private”:Section 31(6); and

by deleting the words “or in execution of a decree” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “, in execution of a decree or under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Second Schedule, items 28 and 29.

by deleting the words “a writ of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order”:Section 3;

by deleting the word “execution” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “enforcement”:Section 4(1)Section 6(2)Section 13(1) (including the proviso)Section 17(1)(c);

by deleting the words “order for committal” in the following provision and substituting the words “committal order”:Section 8(1);

by deleting the words “issue execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “issue an enforcement order”:Section 12;

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 13(1)Section 17(1)Section 21(1);

by deleting the word “plaintiff’s” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant’s”:Section 13(1) (proviso)Section 21(1);

by deleting the words “a writ of summons” wherever they appear in the following provision and substituting in each case the words “an originating claim”:Section 17(1);

by deleting the words “seized in execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “seized under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 17(4);

by deleting the words “be liable to execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “be liable to being taken under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 20;

by deleting the words “had issued execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “had obtained an enforcement order”:Section 20;

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “being taken under or pursuant to enforcement order”:Section 20 (section heading);

by deleting the words “writ of seizure and sale” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order for seizure and sale of property”:Section 23(1) (proviso);

by deleting the words “subpoena as a witness” in the following provision and substituting the words “issue an order to attend court against”:Section 24(3);

by deleting the words “Subpoena for witness” in the following provision and substituting the words “Order to attend court”:Section 24(3) (subsection heading); and

by deleting the words “ex parte” in the following provision and substituting the words “in the absence of the judgment debtor”:Section 24(5)(b).

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 5Section 6(1)(a) and (b)Section 7(1)(b)Section 8Section 10(1) and (2)Section 12(2)Section 16 and section headingSection 17(3) and (5)Section 18Section 19;

by deleting the word “plaintiff’s” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimant’s”:Section 8; and

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order”:Section 18.

by deleting the words “ex parte” in the following provision and substituting the words “by way of an application without notice”:Section 5(1);

by deleting the words “a writ of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order”:Section 20(1);

by deleting the words “the writ of execution” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “the enforcement order”:Section 20(1) and (2);

by deleting the words “execution creditor” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “enforcement creditor”:Section 20(2) and (4);

by deleting the words “execution debtor” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “enforcement debtor”:Section 20(2), (3) and (4); and

by deleting the words “by way of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to enforcement order”:Section 20 (section heading).

by deleting the words “execute or” in the following provision:Section 29(7)(d);

by deleting the words “in execution under process” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 38(b); and

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 80(10)Section 85(6).

by deleting the word “plaintiffs” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimants”:Section 125(4); and

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provision and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 126C(7).

by inserting, immediately after the word “execution” wherever it appears in the following provisions, the words “or enforcement”:Section 7(3)(a)Section 17(4)Section 24(1) to (4) and section headingSection 26(b)Section 33(1)(a)(i)(G); and

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 23(2), (3) and (4)(a)Section 24(4)(a)Section 33(1)(a)(i)(F).

by deleting the words “execute or” in the following provision:Section 31D(1)(d); and

by inserting, immediately after the word “person” in the following provision, the words “, or under or pursuant to any enforcement order,”:Section 31T.

by deleting the words “originating summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating application”:Section 33(2);

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 47(3)Section 56(2); and

by deleting the words “execution may be levied” in the following provision and substituting the words “an enforcement order may be executed”:Section 55(3).

by deleting the words “process of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order”:Fourth Schedule, paragraph 3(1)(c);

by deleting the words “proceeds of the execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “proceeds of the enforcement order”:Fourth Schedule, paragraph 3(1)(c);

by deleting the words “writ of execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order”:Fourth Schedule, paragraph 3(1)(c); and

by deleting the words “such writ” in the following provision and substituting the words “such order”:Fourth Schedule, paragraph 3(1)(c).

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 32(9)Section 32A(5);

by deleting the words “execute or” in the following provision:Section 34(6)(d);

by deleting the words “in execution under process” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 43(b); and

by deleting the word “plaintiff” in the following provision and substituting the word “claimant”:Section 101(7).

by deleting the word “plaintiff” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 5Section 6(1)Section 7(2)(a) and (b)Section 8(3) and (4);

by deleting the word “taxation” in the following provision and substituting the word “assessment”:Section 26(2);

by deleting the word “taxed” in the following provision and substituting the word “assessed”:Section 26(3);

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting the word “permission”:Section 32(3); and

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provision and substituting in each case the word “claimant”.Section 62(2).

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 56(1) and (3); and

by deleting the words “writ of summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating claim”:Section 78(1).

by deleting the word “plaintiff” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “claimant”:Section 9(3)Section 27(1) (paragraph (b) of proviso)Section 35(2)Section 37(2)(a) and (b);

by deleting the words “ex parte” in the following provision and substituting the words “without notice”:Section 23(1);

by deleting the words “entering an appearance” in the following provision and substituting the words “filing and serving a notice of intention to contest or not contest”:Section 23(1);

by deleting the word “taxation” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessment”:Section 25(3)Section 29(3);

by inserting, immediately after the words “stay of execution” in the following provision, the words “or enforcement”:Section 28 and section heading;

by deleting the word “EXECUTION” in the following provision and substituting the word “ENFORCEMENT”:Part IV (Part heading);

by deleting the word “taxed” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “assessed”:Section 29(3)Section 31(1);

by deleting the word “execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order”: Section 31(4);

by deleting the word “Execution” in the following provision and substituting the word “Enforcement”:Section 32 (section heading);

by deleting the words “in execution” in the following provision and substituting the words “under or pursuant to an enforcement order”:Section 33(2);

by deleting the words “default of appearance” in the following provision and substituting the words “default of a notice of intention to contest or not contest”:Section 37(2)(b); and

by deleting the word “leave” in the following provision and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 37(2)(b), (c) and (e)(ii) and (iii).

by deleting the words “ex parte by originating summons” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “by an originating application without notice”:Section 52(8)Section 58(2A)Section 59A(8); and

by deleting the words “writ of seizure and sale” in the following provision and substituting the words “enforcement order for seizure and sale of property”:Section 65H(5).

by deleting the words “in camera” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the words “in private”:Section 83(1) and (3)Section 105HA(6)Section 105Q(6);

by deleting the words “writ of summons” in the following provision and substituting the words “originating claim”:Section 89(1);

by deleting the word “leave” wherever it appears in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “permission”:Section 105HA(2) and (7)Section 105Q(2) and (7); and

by deleting the word “Leave” in the following provisions and substituting in each case the word “Permission”:Section 105HA(3)Section 105Q(3).